Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks following Diode Laser- and Ultrasonic-Activated Removal of Bioceramic Material during Root Canal Retreatment. This study is aimed at evaluating the use of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis and the dentinal microcrack formation following retreatment of bioceramic sealer employing adjunct laser-activated irrigation and ultrasonic-activated irrigation retreatment was associated with a significant increase in dentinal microcracks. However, employing ultrasonic- or laser-activated irrigation as adjunct retreatment techniques did not reveal a significant increase in dentinal microcracks within the roots.
In vitro efficacy of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation versus passive ultrasonic irrigation and sonic-powered irrigation for treating multispecies biofilms in artificial grooves and dentinal tubules: an SEM and CLSM study. Multispecies biofilms located in the anatomical intricacies of the root canal system remain the greatest challenge in root canal disinfection. The efficacy of Er:YAG laser apical artificial grooves and dentinal tubules, in comparison with conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and sonic-powered irrigation (EDDY). Two types of multispecies root canal biofilm models were established in combination with two assessment methods using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with the aim to obtain more
Effect of ultrasonically-activated irrigation protocols used for regenerative endodontics on removal of dual species biofilm in a three-dimensionally printed tooth model: in vitro study. Eradication of residual biofilm from root canal dentine is critical for the success of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). To evaluate the influence of ultrasonically activated irrigants in concentrations used for REPs for removal of dual-species biofilm from three-dimensionally printed tooth models with attached dentine samples. Seventy-two three-dimensionally printed teeth models were fabricated with a standardized slot in the apical third of the root to ensure a precise fit with a human root dentine specimen. Dual-species biofilms (comprising Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans) were
failure was observed in the diabetic dentin group, and the dominant failure type was mixed for both groups. The use of dry cotton was an insufficient method for removing bioceramic root canal sealer residues from coronal dentin in both the diabetic and non-diabetic patients. 15 s of ultrasonic activation was effective for removing bioceramic root canal sealer remnants from the non-diabetic coronal dentin. However, for the coronal dentin in the diabetic group, 30-sec ultrasonic activation was the most effective method for removing bioceramic root canal sealer remnants.
ultrasonic tips. The following parameters were evaluated for both experienced operators and inexperienced operators: reaching the gutta-percha root filling successfully, the time required to remove the entire post, the occurrence of lateral root perforations, and the amount of root dentineremoved. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine the normality of the data; the anova test was used to compare ) mm for experienced, and 0.42 (±0.16) mm for inexperienced operators. When compared to a conventional ultrasonic technique for the removal of fibre posts, the static navigation method using burs resulted in less dentineremoval, more rapid access to the gutta-percha root filling, less overall time to remove the posts, and fewer complications. When using static navigation, there was no difference
External root temperature and its relationship with dentin thickness during gutta-percha removal procedures with ultrasound. An ex vivo study. This study aims to evaluate the temperature rise on the external root surface during gutta-percha removal with two types of ultrasonic tips, and its relationship with the root dentin thickness. 56 single-rooted teeth were prepared for gutta-percha removal procedures, conducted for 40 seconds using two types of ultrasonic tips at depths of 6 mm and 11 mm. The temperature generated was measured using a type K thermocouple at three measurement points. Non-parametric Wilcoxon test were used and the correlation between thickness and temperature rise was evaluated with Spearman correlation test. The temperature rise occurred in all groups, reaching maximum values
magnification. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results When studying the removal of the smear layer and the opening of the dentinal canal under ×2,000 magnification, there were no statistically significant differences in the coronal and middle third between the three studied groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in the apical third, where the ultrasonic activation group was the best, followed by the sonic activation group, and the heating activation group. Conclusions All methods of activation were effective in removing the smear layer and opening the dentinal canals with the advantage of ultrasonic activation in the rest of the groups. The intracanal heating irrigant activation proved to be similar to the effectiveness of sonic activation and close
) before post cementation and after post removal. Dentin thickness was measured after post removal at coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canal space. Paired t-test and t-test were used to compare space volumes between before post cementation and after post removal, and between laser and ultrasonic groups, respectively. Six specimens were tested for each group. The average volume change was 6.499 mm in laser and 7.418 mm in ultrasonic method. There was not a significant difference between laser and ultrasonic group in respect of post space volume changes (p = 0.71). Both methods showed significant volume increase following post removal (p < 0.05). Significantly less dentin was lost when laser was used for post removal in the coronal portion of the post space (p = 0.002). Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Evaluation of different irrigation techniques on dentin erosion and smear layer removal: A scanning electron microscopy study. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques EndoVac, RinsEndo, Canal CleanMax (CCMax), SonicMax, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), and Manual Needle Irrigation (MNI) on dentin erosion and smear layer removal
Smear Layer Removal Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite. The present study evaluated the effect of passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) of EDTA solution followed by conventional irrigation with 2 concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on smear layer removal. Fifty single-root mandibular premolars were chemomechanically prepared with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) nickel-titanium rotary instruments and 1% NaOCl. The roots were cleaved, and the dentin surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy operated at a low vacuum. Images were obtained from previously demarcated areas in each root canal third. The teeth were reassembled and distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation
The effect of 17% EDTA and QMiX ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal and sealer penetration: ex vivo study. This study aimed to compare the effect of conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 17% EDTA and QMiX on the maximum depth and percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and to describe group had a higher percentage of sealer penetration at the apical third. The PUI and QMiX protocol improved debris/smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration.
Uncontrolled Removal of Dentin during In Vitro Ultrasonic Irrigant Activation in Curved Root Canals. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of file type and activation time on the uncontrolled removal of dentin during in vitro ultrasonic irrigant activation in prepared curved root canals. Seventy-two curved mesial root canals of human mandibular molars were prepared to size 35/.04 taper activation continuously for another 30 seconds. No activation took place in group D. Specimens were scanned by micro-computed tomographic imaging before and after preparation and after the first and second activation period. Scans were coregistered and segmented, and the amount of dentinremoved during activation was quantified by morphological operations. Results were analyzed by nonparametric statistical
Uncontrolled Removal of Dentin during In Vitro Ultrasonic Irrigant Activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate uncontrolled removal of dentin during in vitro ultrasonic irrigant activation in prepared root canals using 2 different files. Fifty-four human single-rooted teeth with straight root canals were prepared to size 35/.06 taper. The specimens were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n tests. The level of significance was set to P < .05. Defects with a maximum depth of 0.09 mm and 0.07 mm were identified in groups A and B, respectively. Both ultrasonic files removed significantly more dentin than irrigant delivery in the control group (P ≤ .005). K-files removed significantly more dentin than Irrisafe files in the apical third (P = .001). Ultrasonic irrigant activation may result
Effects of UltrasonicRemoval of Fractured Files from the Middle Third of Root Canals on the Resistance to Vertical Root Fracture. This study aimed to analyze the effects of ultrasonicremoval of fractured files from the middle third of root canals on the vertical root fracture resistance. This study was an extension of a previous study assessing the effects of fractured file removal on dentinal in the ultrasonic group (P < .05). The percentage increase in the canal volume significantly influenced the root fracture resistance (P < .05), whereas microcracks had no significant effect (P > .05). Ultrasonicremoval of fractured instruments from the middle third of root canals lowers the vertical root fracture resistance, with increased dentinremoval being the primary cause.
is important for success in retreatment cases. This study utilized confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to assess and compare the impact of XPR, ultrasonic irrigation (UI) and sonic activation (SA) on NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules following endodontic retreatment. A total of forty mandibular premolars were enrolled in this investigation. Following root canal preparation up to ProTaper X3 file Impact of different activation procedures on sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after endodontic retreatment via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Infected dentinal tubules are a possible source of bacteria that are responsible for the failure of root canal treatment. Therefore, disinfection of dentinal tubules by increasing the penetration of the irrigation solution
could remove the bacteria and biofilm components effectively, especially those living in dentin tubules. The 2.5% NaOCl presented an excellent effect against biofilm on dishes, but the elimination effect on dentin tubules is limited. The 2% CHX group exhibits significant disinfection effect. The biosafety tests indicated that there is no significant changes on microhardness and roughness after PMBs Antimicrobial and cleaning effects of ultrasonic-mediated plasma-loaded microbubbles on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: an in vitro study. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most frequently isolated bacteria from teeth with root canal treatment failure. This study aims to evaluate the disinfection effect of ultrasonic-mediated cold plasma-loaded microbubbles (PMBs) on 7d E. faecalis
Antibiofilm activity of ultrasonic and diode laser activated sodium hypochlorite, chitosan, and chlorhexidine: A confocal laser scanning microscopic in vitro study. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of ultrasonic and diode laser-activated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chitosan, and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the removal of biofilm adherent to the root canal using a confocal using a diode laser, subgroup B - ultrasonic activation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess bacterial viability . Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical analyses with = 0.05. All experimental irrigation protocols destroyed the biofilm in the root canal lumen. Within the dentinal tubules, all groups had a significantly higher percentage of dead bacteria than the saline
To compare the efficacy of various organic solvents on retrievability of Biodentine and their effect on microhardness of Biodentine and radicular dentin: An in vitro study. Rotary and ultrasonic instruments are not appreciable in the complete removal of Biodentine from root canals. Therefore, organic solvents can be used as an adjunct for its retrieval. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 10% citric acid, 2% acetic acid, and 20% tartaric acid on the microhardness of Biodentine and radicular dentin. Forty single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and root canals were prepared with peeso reamers. Two-millimeter sections were obtained and restored with Biodentine. All samples were subjected to Vicker's microhardness test to record
collected and cleaned to remove debris and tissue using an ultrasonic scaler. Enamel was removed with the help of a high-speed plain cut tungsten carbide fissure bur under continuous water spray. Dentinal discs measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm were prepared from the coronal region of the extracted teeth using a double-sided carborundum disc and straight micromotor handpiece. Using carborundum paper, the discs were polished and washed with distilled water. The discs were etched using 37% phosphoric acid to remove any smear layer that was caused by the grinding process and to simulate dentinal hypersensitivity by opening the dentinal tubules. The specimens were again washed and stored in distilled water until use. Samples were then randomly allocated into Group A: calcium sodium phosphosilicate mouthwash
Effect of silver diamine fluoride activation on bond strength to root dentin. To investigate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application and activation on the bond strength of gutta-percha to dentin and resin bonded post to dentin. Thirty-six human premolar teeth were used. The coronal part tooth was removed, and endodontic mechanical preparation was performed for all the teeth bond strength at the apical root section was significantly higher in SDF/MDA and SDF/US groups compared to control group. While for the coronal part, all SDF treated specimen showed reduced Push-out bond strength. SDF application as final rinse may reduce the bonding performance between fiber post and dentine. Activation with manual and ultrasonic methods improved the bond strength at the apical root