effects of smoking during pregnancy

). The risk of low birth weight (OR, (95% CI): 3.38 (2.05 - 5.57); p=0.024), oligohydramnios (OR (95% CI): 13.44 (5.22 - 34.57); p=0.001), IUGR (OR (95% CI): 9.33 (4.50 - 19.33); p=0.001), and preterm birth (OR (95% CI): 4.56 (1.25 - 17.32); p=0.001) increased significantly in the active and passive cigarette exposure groups, compared to the non-smokers. During pregnancy, both smoking and passive exposure The Effect of Active and Passive Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on the Uterine Artery Blood Flow and Obstetric Outcomes: A Prospective Study. Maternal smoking is associated with an increased risk of obstetric and neonatal complications during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive smoking on fetal-maternal blood flow and fetal complications in mid-trimester

individuals. Here, we investigated the epidemiology and genomic architecture of maternal smoking in a middle-aged population and compare the results to effects observed in the developing foetus. In the current project, we included 351,562 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) and estimated exposure to maternal smoking status during pregnancy through self-reporting from the UKB participants about Linking epidemiology and genomics of maternal smoking during pregnancy in utero and in ageing: a population-based study using human foetuses and the UK Biobank cohort. Maternal smoking and foetal exposure to nicotine and other harmful chemicals in utero remains a serious public health issue with little knowledge about the underlying genetics and consequences of maternal smoking in ageing

smoke before pregnancy quit smoking directly before or during pregnancy. Smoking cessation at any point in gestation benefits the pregnant woman and her fetus. The greatest benefit is observed with cessation before 15 weeks of gestation. Although cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product in pregnancy, alternative forms of tobacco use, such as e-cigarettes or vaping products, hookahs , and neonatal apnea that are as high as those in infants born to women who smoked during pregnancy 5 17 18 19.Alternative Forms of Nicotine DeliveryAlthough cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product in pregnancy, alternative forms of tobacco use, such as e-cigarettes or vaping products, hookahs, and cigars, are increasingly common 4 Table 1. Data regarding the health effects of these agents

The impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy and the age of smoking initiation on incident dementia: A prospective cohort study. The impact of early-life tobacco exposure on dementia has remained unknown. Using the UK Biobank, the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and age of smoking initiation (ASI) with the onset time of all-cause dementia were estimated with accelerated failure time models. The effects of MSDP and ASI on brain structure and their genetic correlation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) were analyzed. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. The time ratios for smokers starting in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (vs never smokers) were 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99), 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96), and 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01). MSDP and smoking in adolescence

, intermittently or for too short a time to be effective. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) explores whether a bespoke intervention, delivered in pregnancy, improves adherence to NRT and is effective and cost-effective for promoting smoking cessation. A two-arm parallel-group RCT was conducted for pregnant women aged ≥16 years and who smoke ≥1 daily cigarette (pre-pregnancy smoked ≥5) and who agree to use Smoking, nicotine and pregnancy 2 (SNAP2) trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve adherence to nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to unborn babies, infants and women. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is offered as the usual stop-smoking support in the UK. However, this is often used in insufficient doses

The effectiveness of PROMISE minimal smoking cessation intervention strategy to improve the adherence to smoking cessation counselling during pregnancy: A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Electronic cigarette use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse birth outcomes: A cross-sectional surveillance study of the US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) population. Research on health effects and potential harms of electronic cigarette (EC) use during pregnancy is limited. We sought to determine the risks of pregnancy EC use on pregnancy-related adverse birth outcomes and assess whether quitting ECs reduces the risks. Women with singleton live births who participated in the US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey study 2016-2020 were classified into four mutually exclusive groups, by their use of ECs and combustible cigarettes (CCs) during pregnancy: non-use, EC only use, CC only use, and dual use. We determined the risk of preterm birth, low birth

Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in infants and children with potential lifelong consequences. Negative effects of MSDP on placental DNA methylation (DNAm), placental structure, and function are well established. Our aim was to develop biomarkers of MSDP using DNAm measured in placentas (), collected as part of the Vitamin C to Decrease the Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted between 2012 and 2016. We also aimed to develop a digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the top ranking cytosine

of high smoking rates in vulnerable areas is crucial for designing effective interventions to promote smoking cessation and reduce preventable health disparities. Data from the Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS; years 2009-2020) comprised of 7,861 women aged over 18 were used in this cross-sectional observational study. Pregnant individuals were categorized as smoking and Appalachian areas. As smoking during pregnancy poses significant health risks, targeted interventions and resources for tobacco cessation programs are needed in these highly vulnerable regions. Not Applicable.

Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child blood pressure in a European cohort. Hypertension is a public health issue that can have its origin in the early phases of development. Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) could play a role in offspring's cardio-metabolic programming. To assess the relationship between MSDP and later blood pressure (BP) in children we conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized dietary intervention trial (EU-Childhood Obesity Project). Healthy term infants with normal birth weight were recruited during the first 8 weeks of life in 5 European countries and followed until 11 years of age. Data on MSDP was collected at recruitment. BP and anthropometry were assessed at 11 years of age. Children were classified according to AAP guidelines as normal BP: BP

Towards optimum smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy: a household model to explore cost-effectiveness. Previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women are limited to single components, which do not in isolation offer sufficient potential impact to address smoking cessation targets. To inform the development of more appropriate complex interventions , we (1) describe the development of the Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household (ESIP.H) model for estimating the life-time cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions aimed at pregnant women and (2) use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate how ESIP.H can be used to identify the characteristics of optimum smoking cessation interventions. The hypothetical intervention was based

Proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization study of the association between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and offspring mental health. Smoking prevalence is higher among individuals with schizophrenia or depression, and previous work has suggested this relationship is causal. However, this may be due to dynastic effects, for example reflecting maternal smoking during pregnancy rather than a direct effect of smoking. We used a proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization approach to investigate whether there is a causal effect of maternal heaviness of smoking during pregnancy on offspring mental health. Analyses were performed in the UK Biobank cohort. Individuals with data on smoking status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, a diagnosis of schizophrenia or depression

; Cost-effectiveness; Financial incentives; Infant; Postpartum; Pregnancy; QALY; Quality-adjusted life year; Smoking cessation; Sudden unexplained infant death; Tobacco. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Similar articles * Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Adding Financial Incentives to Best practices for Smoking Cessation Among pregnant and Newly postpartum trial and $11.90 in the pooled trials (very favorable benefit-cost ratios). Medicaid and commercial insurers may wish to consider covering financial incentives for smoking abstinence as a cost-effective service for pregnant beneficiaries who smoke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02210832. Keywords: Benefit cost analysis; Birth outcomes; Cigarette smoking; Contingency management

Maternal Smoking and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Effect Modification by Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain. Although smoking cigarettes has been shown to have a protective effect on preeclampsia, quitting smoking also results in weight gain. Weight gain leading to an obese body mass index is a risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The objective . Clinically important outcomes of smoking throughout pregnancy were also evaluated. Of the 22 191 568 women studied, HDP rates among nonsmokers, those who quit smoking, and persistent smokers were 6.8%, 8.6%, and 7.0%, respectively. The rate ratio of HDP was higher for women who quit smoking, especially evident among those with excessive gestational weight gain. Corrections for exposure misclassification

are not pregnant. Increasingly, pregnant women use e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Before this study, it was not known how effective or safe they are during pregnancy. What’s new?The study included 1140 pregnant women who were trying to stop smoking. They were recruited from 23 English hospitals and 1 NHS Stop Smoking Service in Scotland. On average, the women were 27 years old, around 16 weeks pregnant and most author“E-cigarettes seem more effective than nicotine patches in helping pregnant women to quit smoking and because of this, they seem to also lead to better pregnancy outcomes. The evidence-based advice to smokers already includes, among other options, a recommendation to switch from smoking to e-cigarettes. Such a recommendation can now be extended to smokers who are pregnant as well” Peter Hajek

]. The consequences of smoking during pregnancy on the earlier experience of natural menopause in daughters may partly be offset by intrauterine growth and longer breastfeeding duration to the extent that they mediate the risk of earlier menopause. However, since the extent of mediation by birthweight z-score and breastfeeding duration is small, other factors, including the direct effect of maternal smoking Mediation of the effect of prenatal maternal smoking on time to natural menopause in daughters by birthweight-for-gestational-age z-score and breastfeeding duration: analysis of two UK birth cohorts born in 1958 and 1970. Prenatal maternal smoking, lower birthweight, and shorter breastfeeding duration have all been associated with an earlier age at menopause in daughters. We estimated the extent

effectiveness during combined heat-wildfire smoke events, its variation across different population groups (e.g., these with chronic conditions) and contexts, or the impact of mask-wearing on mental health. Framework to organize what we looked for • Type of exposure o Wildfire/fire smoke o Combined wildfire smoke and heat o Pollutants ▪ Particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 or smaller) ▪ Other chemicals (e.g evidence The identified evidence provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of masks, including respirators, surgical, and cloth masks, in reducing exposure to and health impacts of wildfire smoke and associated pollutants. However, there are still some gaps in the evidence regarding the effectiveness of masks in reducing exposure and physical and mental health impacts during combined heat

New insights into smoking and urinary tract infections during pregnancy using pregnancy-pair design: A population-based register study. Pregnancy itself predisposes to urinary tract infections (UTI). There appears to be a higher prevalence of infections and genitourinary diseases among pregnant smokers than among non-smokers. The present study is a retrospective observational register study analyzed as one cluster and compared with non-smokers. Smokers had UTIs more often compared with the non-smokers. The association was even stronger among those who continued to smoke (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.51-1.70) than among those who smoked only during the first trimester (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18-1.37) compared with non-smokers. In pregnancy-pair analysis, smoking was associated with upper UTIs during

Determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model. Although it is known that maternal tobacco use during pregnancy substantially declined in higher-income countries, information on the magnitude and determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains limited. Establishing evidence on maternal tobacco during pregnancy is crucial for guiding targeted interventions in SSA. This study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of tobacco use and its determinants among pregnant women in SSA countries. The study used data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 33 countries across SSA from 2010 and 2021. Our analysis included a total weighted sample of 40,291 pregnant women

been suggested that NRT may be safer than smoking during pregnancy given that cigarette smoke contains harmful substances in addition to nicotine. The USPSTF identified no studies on bupropion SR or varenicline pharmacotherapy for tobacco smoking cessation during pregnancy.In the absence of clear evidence on the balance of benefits and harms of pharmacotherapy in pregnant women, clinicians with NRT during pregnancy;13 findings were inconsistent and imprecise. No studies on bupropion SR or varenicline for smoking cessation during pregnancy were identified.e-Cigarettes in Nonpregnant Adults and Pregnant PersonsThe FDA classifies e-cigarettes as a tobacco product and to date, no e-cigarettes have been approved as a smoking cessation aid. Approximately 4.5% of adults5,69 and 3.6% of pregnant