"Cognitive reserve" from_date:2012

The influence of cognitive reserve on ERP measures of selective visual attentional processing in older adults after mild traumatic brain injury. Older adults have an increased risk of developing persistent cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Yet, studies exploring which factors protect older adults with mTBI from developing such complaints are rare. It has been suggested that one such factor may be cognitive reserve (CR), but it is unknown how CR influences cognition in this patient category. Here, we therefore study how CR influences brain processes during a task that taps into attention, an important cognitive function. We studied 17 older adults (13 males, mean 68.18 (SD 5.08) years old) at the subacute stage after mTBI and 19 age- and CR-matched participants

Neural Mechanism of Cognitive Reserve in Acupuncture Stimulation: Protocol for a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Trial. Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in various cognitive domains. Since there is still no treatment for dementia, early diagnosis and prevention are the best approaches. In this context, the cognitive reserve (CR) concept has received considerable attention in dementia research with regard to prognosis. It originates from discrepancies between the degree of brain pathology and clinical manifestations. Acupuncture, as a complementary intervention, has long been widely applied in neurological diseases in East Asia. At the macroscale level, how acupuncture stimulation affects neural activity concerning

Age-related synaptic signatures of brain and cognitive reserve in the rat hippocampus and parahippocampal regions. Age-related cognitive decline varies widely among individuals, with some showing resilience despite older age. This study examines synaptic markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and cortex of older rats with differing cognitive abilities, aiming highlight region-specific patterns of synaptic aging as potential markers of brain and cognitive reserve.

Sex/gender differences in the clinical trajectory of Alzheimer's disease: Insights into diagnosis and cognitive reserve. The two-times higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in females versus males is well-known; however, there are also sex/gender differences in clinical presentation and diagnostic accuracy that are less examined but equally important to understand in terms of improving and limiting opportunities for early intervention. Conversely, females demonstrate steeper cognitive decline at later disease stages compared to males. These patterns align with the cognitive reserve theory, suggesting female's verbal memory strength may act as a domain-specific resilience factor. Lastly, this review emphasizes the need for sex-sensitive diagnostic tools to improve early detection accuracy

Getting the brain into gear: An online study investigating cognitive reserve and word-finding abilities in healthy ageing. Lifetime experiences and lifestyle, such as education and engaging in leisure activities, contribute to cognitive reserve (CR), which delays the onset of age-related cognitive decline. Word-finding difficulties have been identified as the most prominent cognitive problem

Cognitive reserve in patients with mood disorders: Validation study of the Chinese version of the cognitive reserve assessment scale in health. Cognitive reserve (CR) is closely associated with cognitive and functional outcome, disease severity, progression and prognosis in psychiatric patients; however, it has not been extensively tested in mood disorders. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health (CRASH) in mood disorder patients. Altogether 166 subjects were recruited, 44 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 64 with bipolar disorder (BD), and 58 healthy controls. CR was assessed using the CRASH and the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.779 for the CRASH. The Receiver Operating

Neighborhood disadvantage reduces cognitive reserve independent of neuropathologic change. Individuals in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibit increased risk for impaired cognitive function. Whether this association relates to the major dementia-related neuropathologies is unknown. This cross-sectional study included 469 autopsy cases from 2011 to 2023. The relationships between of education. ADI was not associated with an increase in dementia-associated neuropathologic change. Moreover, the significant association between ADI and cognition remained even after controlling for changes in major dementia-associated proteinopathies or cerebrovascular disease. Neighborhood disadvantage appears to be associated with decreased cognitive reserve. This association is modified by education

Personality traits and cognitive reserve-High openness benefits cognition in the presence of age-related brain changes. Cognitive reserve explains differential susceptibility of cognitive performance to neuropathology. We investigated whether certain personality traits underlie cognitive reserve and are accordingly associated with better cognition and less cognitive decline in the presence of age , age, and sex. Further, lower brain status was associated with a greater decline in perceptual speed only in individuals with low openness. We conclude that high openness benefits cognitive reserve.

Association of cognitive reserve with the risk of dementia in the UK Biobank: role of polygenic factors. It remains unclear whether cognitive reserve can attenuate dementia risk among people with different genetic predispositions. We aimed to examine the association between cognitive reserve and dementia, and further to explore whether and to what extent cognitive reserve may modify the risk effect of genetic factors on dementia. Within the UK Biobank, 210 631 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years were followed to detect incident dementia. Dementia was ascertained through medical and death records. A composite cognitive reserve indicator encompassing education, occupation and multiple cognitively loaded activities was created using latent class analysis, categorised as low, moderate

APOE genotype, hippocampal volume, and cognitive reserve predict improvement by cognitive training in older adults without dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Cognitive training (CT) programs aim to improve cognitive performance and impede its decline. Thus, defining the characteristics of individuals who can benefit from these interventions is essential. Our objectives were to assess if the cognitive reserve (CR), APOE genotype (e4 carriers/non-carriers) and/or hippocampal volume might predict the effectiveness of a CT program. Participants were older adults without dementia (n = 226), randomized into parallel experimental and control groups. The assessment consisted of a neuropsychological protocol and additional data regarding total intracranial, gray matter, left/right hippocampus volume

Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study. Cognitive reserve might mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's dementia among memory clinic patients. No study has examined the potential modifying role of stress on this relation. We examined cross-sectional associations of the cognitive reserve index (CRI; education, occupational complexity, physical and leisure measures reduced the beneficial association of CRI on cognition. A higher CRI score was associated with better working memory in individuals with higher (favorable) cortisol AM/PM ratio, but not among individuals with low cortisol AM/PM ratio. No association was found between CRI and AD-related biomarkers. Physiological stress reduces the neurocognitive benefits of cognitive reserve among memory clinic

Cognitive reserve proxies are associated with age-related cognitive decline - Not age-related gait speed decline. Cognition and gait share brain substrates in aging and dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to cope with brain pathology and delay cognitive impairment and dementia. Yet, evidence for that CR is associated with age-related cognitive decline is mixed, and evidence

Sleep-wake behavior, perceived fatigability, and cognitive reserve in older adults. The effects of sleep-wake behavior on perceived fatigability and cognitive abilities when performing daily activities have not been investigated across levels of cognitive reserve (CR). CR Index Questionnaire (CRIq) data were collected and subjected to moderated mediation analysis. In amnestic mild cognitive be alleviated by rest. Clinical fatigability disrupts daily activities during preclinical Alzheimer's. High cognitive reserve mitigates sleep-wake disturbance effects. High cognitive reserve attenuates clinical fatigability effects on daily functioning. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea potentiates Alzheimer's pathology in the brain.

Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15-year follow-up study. We investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death. This population-based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia-free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data ), but not from CIND to normal cognition or dementia. A greater composite CR score was associated with a lower risk of transition from CIND to death in people aged 60-72 but not in those aged ≥ 78 years. CR contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia. We use Markov multistate model to examine the association between cognitive reserve and transitions

Exploring cognitive reserve's influence: unveiling the dynamics of digital telerehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease Resilience. Telerehabilitation is emerging as a promising digital method for delivering rehabilitation to Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, especially in the early stages to promote brain resilience. This study explores how cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to withstand aging and disease, impacts the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. It specifically examines the influence of lifelong cognitive activities on the relationship between neural reserve and improved functional abilities following rehabilitation. In the study, 42 PD patients underwent a 4-month neuromotor telerehabilitation program. CR proxies were assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire

Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level. We investigated distinctive factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) based on education level. Among 1247 participants who underwent neuropsychological assessment, amyloid positron emission tomography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging, 336 participants with low education (≤6 years) and 697 with high education (≥12 positively associated with CR. In the high-education group, cognitive activity was positively related to CR, whereas low literacy, long sleep duration (> 8 h/day), and depression were negatively related to CR. This study provides insights into different strategies for enhancing CR based on educational background. Factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) varied according to the education level

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on cognitive function among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Multiple mediators of cognitive reserve and depressive symptoms. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with later cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of different types of ACEs are unclear. This study examined how ACEs impact cognitive function , specifically deprivation-related ACEs (DrACEs) and threat-related ACEs (TrACEs). Additionally, we explored the potential role of cognitive reserve (CR) and depression in these relationships. Data were taken from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2014 and 2020. CR, depressive symptoms and cognitive function measures were collected from 2020. ACEs were assessed at the 2014 Life

Analysis of the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive stimulation program designed from Occupational Therapy according to the level of cognitive reserve in older adults in Primary Care: Stratified randomized clinical trial protocol. Normal aging presents subtle cognitive changes that can be detected before meeting the criteria for Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older people with low cognitive reserve and who receive limited cognitive stimulation are at greater risk of deterioration. In this regard, cognitive stimulation (CS) has been identified as an intervention that reduces this risk, provided that its design takes into account the differences in the level of cognitive reserve (CR) acquired throughout life and the baseline level of cognitive functioning. The general objective

APOE ε4 carrier status moderates the effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve. This study examines the role of lifestyle factors in cognitive reserve among older adults, focusing on the moderating effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status. Data from 157 participants aged 45 and older from the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) were analyzed. Cognitive reserve was estimated using residual on cognitive reserve, indicating stronger associations for APOE ε4 carriers. APOE ε4 carriers may benefit more from certain lifestyle factors, potentially through stress reduction and anti-inflammatory pathways. These findings support integrating APOE ε4 genetic screening into personalized prevention strategies to enhance interventions aimed at preserving cognitive function and delaying dementia onset

Modeling functional loss in Alzheimer's Disease through cognitive reserve and cognitive state: A panel data longitudinal study. Cognitive Reserve (CR) refers to the brain's ability, supported by active and modifiable forms of lifestyle compensation, to cope with neural changes due to age or disease, delaying the onset of cognitive deficits. In CR studies, neuropsychological performances