Differences in dietary acceptability, restraint, disinhibition, and hunger among African American participants randomized to either a vegan or omnivorous soul food diet. The Nutritious Eating with Soul study was a 24-month, randomized behavioral nutrition intervention among African American adults. This present study, which is a secondary analysis of the NEW Soul study, examined changes in dietary acceptability, restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. Participants (n = 159; 79% female, 74% with ≥ college degree, mean age 48.4 y) were randomized to either a soul food vegan (n = 77) or soul food omnivorous (n = 82) diet and participated in a two-year behavioral nutrition intervention. Questionnaires assessing dietary acceptability (Food Acceptability Questionnaire; FAQ) and dietary restraint
Disinhibition account of the conditioned response (DACR). Pavlovian conditioning is widely used to study the substrates of learning and memory in the mammalian brain. In a standard protocol, subjects are exposed to pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., a tone) with an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., an electric shock). Subsequent presentations of the CS elicit a range of behaviors that relate to the US (e.g., freezing) showing that animals learned the CS-US relation. However, it is still unclear how neuronal activity pertaining to the CS comes to excite a representation of the US, and thereby, conditioned responses. The current analysis of this problem, based on neurophysiological evidence, views Pavlovian conditioning as a process of facilitating the disinhibition, rather than
Glycemic variability and disordered eating among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: The role of disinhibited eating. Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) are common among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Glycemic variability, potentially harmful in T1D, may reveal distinct characteristics between those with higher versus lower variability, particularly concerning DEB. Our aim ] and lower socioeconomic-status [OR: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.31-0.90), P =0.019]. Among those with high glycemic variability, DEB were positively associated with BMI-Z score [OR: 3.82 (95% CI: 1.48-9.85), P=0.005], HbA1c [OR: 4.12 (95% CI: 1.33-12.80), P =0.014], disinhibited eating [OR: 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14-2.15), P= 0.005], and tendency to lower socioeconomic-status [OR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.56-1.01), P =0.065]. DEB
The impact of sensation seeking personality trait on acute alcohol-induced disinhibition. Acute alcohol-related behavioral disinhibition has been well studied. But whether individual differences in the personality trait sensation seeking affect alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition remains uncertain. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and a response . These findings showed that alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition was affected by the personality trait sensation seeking and that recruitment of the prefrontal cortex contributed to the observed behavioral effect.
Heightened motor impairment as a protective factor against heavy drinking in individuals with high alcohol-induced disinhibition. Behavioral disinhibition and motor impairment are both acutely elevated following alcohol consumption, and individual differences in sensitivity to alcohol-induced increases in these effects are associated with drinking habits. Specifically, high alcohol-induced disinhibition and low motor impairment have been identified as separate markers for alcohol-related problems. This study tested the degree to which alcohol-induced disinhibition and motor impairment jointly predict heavy drinking. We hypothesized that heavier drinkers would exhibit a combination of high sensitivity to alcohol-induced disinhibition and low sensitivity to its motor impairing effect. Data from
Pharmacological Treatment of Disinhibition in Acquired Brain Injury. Traumatic brain injury is a major universal public health concern and results in chronic neurobehavioral sequelae including disinhibition. Objectives of this study were to review the literature on pharmacological treatment of disinhibition post-acquired brain injury (ABI), describe a snapshot of pharmacotherapy used in ABI at a tertiary neuropsychiatric unit in British Columbia, Canada, and share expert opinion. A retrospective chart review of 11 patients from October to December 2021 was conducted based on exclusion criteria: age greater than 18 years, primary neurodegenerative conditions, or aphasia. Patient demographics, behavioral and cognitive test results, and disinhibition treatment were recorded. A brief review
Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision making. Inhibition is crucial for brain function, regulating network activity by balancing excitation and implementing gain control. Recent evidence suggests that beyond simply inhibiting excitatory activity, inhibitory neurons can also shape circuit function through disinhibition. While disinhibitory circuit motifs have been implicated in cognitive processes including learning, attentional selection, and input gating, the role of disinhibition is largely unexplored in the study of decision-making. Here, we show that disinhibition provides a simple circuit motif for fast, dynamic control of network state and function. This dynamic control allows a disinhibition-based decision model to reproduce both value
Cortical Disinhibition Drives Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease and an Exploratory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Dysfunction of the primary motor cortex, participating in regulation of posture and gait, is implicated in freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim was to reveal the mechanisms of "OFF-period" FOG (OFF-FOG) and "levodopa-unresponsive" FOG -FOG patients reduced compared to OFF-FOG patients. Pharmacological treatment significantly improved SICI and gait in OFF-FOG patients, and high-frequency repetitive TMS distinctly improved gait in ONOFF-FOG patients, accompanied by enhanced SICI. Motor cortex disinhibition, represented by decreased SICI, is related to FOG in PD. Refractory freezing in ONOFF-FOG patients correlated
Correlates of Risk for Disinhibited Behaviors in the Million Veteran Program Cohort. Many psychiatric outcomes share a common etiologic pathway reflecting behavioral disinhibition, generally referred to as externalizing (EXT) disorders. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have demonstrated the overlap between EXT disorders and important aspects of veterans' health, such as suicide
A transdiagnostic review of neuroimaging studies of apathy and disinhibition in dementia. Apathy and disinhibition are common and highly distressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with negative outcomes in persons with dementia. This paper is a critical review of functional and structural neuroimaging studies of these symptoms transdiagnostically in dementia of the Alzheimer type, which however, a striking similarity of the set of brain regions implicated across clinical diagnoses and symptoms. These regions involve several key nodes of the salience network, and we describe the functions and anatomical connectivity of these brain areas, as well as present a new theoretical account of disinhibition in dementia. Future avenues for research are discussed, including the importance
Weaker connectivity in resting state networks is associated with disinhibited eating in older adults. Obesity affects more than forty percent of adults over the age of sixty. Aberrant eating styles such as disinhibition have been associated with the engagement of brain networks underlying executive functioning, attentional control, and interoception. However, these effects have been exclusively studied in young samples overlooking those most at risk of obesity related harm. Here we assessed associations between resting-state functional connectivity and disinhibited eating (using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire) in twenty-one younger (aged 19-34 years, BMI range: 18-31) and twenty older (aged 60-73 years, BMI range: 19-32) adults matched for BMI. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index
Addressing Anxiety and Stress for Healthier Eating in Teens (ASSET): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for Reducing Anxiety, Disinhibited Eating, Excess Weight Gain, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescent Girls. (1) Background: Standard-of-care lifestyle interventions show insufficient effectiveness for the prevention and treatment of excess weight and its associated cardiometabolic health concerns in adolescents, necessitating more targeted preventative approaches. Anxiety symptoms are common among adolescents, especially girls at risk for excess weight gain, and have been implicated in the onset and maintenance of disinhibited eating. Thus, decreasing elevated anxiety in this subset of adolescent girls may offer a targeted approach to mitigating disinhibited eating and excess
Does mindfulness reduce trolling? The relationship between trait mindfulness and online trolling: The mediating role of anger rumination and the moderating role of online disinhibition. Online trolling is a highly prevalent online antisocial behaviour that has recently received increasing attention because of its potentially destructive consequences. The current study aimed to examine whether trait mindfulness was negatively related to online trolling and whether anger rumination mediated this relationship. We further examined whether online disinhibition moderated the direct and indirect relation between trait mindfulness and online trolling. A total of 1303 Chinese college students completed the measurements of trait mindfulness, anger rumination, online disinhibition, and online
A community-based feasibility randomized controlled study to test food-specific inhibitory control training in people with disinhibited eating during COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of this study was to expand the evidence on the feasibility and impact of food-specific inhibitory control training in a community sample of people with disinhibited eating. Recruitment and data collection were conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak, in Italy. Ninety-four adult individuals with disinhibited eating were randomised to one of two conditions: App-based food-specific inhibitory control training or waiting list. Participants were assessed at baseline, end of intervention (2 weeks following baseline) and follow-up (one week later). The assessment measures included questionnaires about eating behaviour
Brain region-specific synaptic function of FUS underlies the FTLD-linked behavioural disinhibition. Synaptic dysfunction is one of the earliest pathological processes that contribute to the development of many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, the synaptic function of many disease-causative genes and their contribution subregion-specific manner, concomitant with the FTLD-linked behavioral disinhibition. Electro-physiology study and molecular pathway analyses further reveal that FUS differentially regulates synaptic and neuronal properties in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), respectively. Moreover, FUS selectively modulates the vHPC-mPFC projection，which is known to mediate the anxiety
Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence: co-occurring psychopathology and psychosocial problems. Insufficient care is associated with most psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems, and is part of the etiology of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, and aid
Hypnosis reduces food impulsivity in patients with obesity and high levels of disinhibition: HYPNODIET randomized controlled clinical trial. The obesogenic environment of Western countries raises questions about its current management. Some clinical studies have explored hypnosis, although the current state of knowledge does not lead to definitive conclusions about its efficacy. We assessed the impact of Ericksonian hypnosis and self-hypnosis on disinhibition of eating in adults with obesity and high food impulsivity levels, compared with standard nutritional education. From September 2014 to July 2015, adults with BMI (in kg/m2) of 30-40 and a high disinhibition score [>8 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-51)] were included in a randomized controlled trial. The control
The Disinhibiting Effects of Anonymity Increase Online Trolling. Research assessing online trolling-a behavior designed to trigger or antagonize other users for entertainment-has largely focused on identifying individual differences that underlie the behavior. Less attention has been given to how situational factors influence trolling, such as the disinhibiting effects of anonymity demonstrate the importance of both individual differences and the disinhibiting effects of anonymity when investigating the complex nature of trolling.
Heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol in women during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Compared with men, women are disproportionately affected by alcohol, including greater risks of physiological damage, behavioral impairment, and relapse. One likely mechanism underlying the sexual disparity in this vulnerability is the fluctuation of ovarian hormones be impaired, leading to a binge episode. The present study aimed to examine the degree to which menstrual cycle phase can influence the disinhibiting effect of alcohol. Twenty-four healthy young adult women participated in a within-subjects placebo-controlled study of the acute disinhibiting effect of 0.60 g/kg alcohol over the course of two test sessions. A cued go/no-go task measured the disinhibiting
Development of an assessment measure for sexual disinhibition in dementia. Sexual disinhibition (SD), a neuropsychiatric symptom characterized by sexually inappropriate comments and/or behaviors, remains under identified in dementia, possibly due to a lack of standardized assessment methods. A recent systematic review of measures used to assess SD proposed four behavioral domains and identified