"Human feces" from_date:2012

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A New Driver and Hidden Threat for mcr-1 Prevalence in Hospital Wastewater and Human Feces. The emergence of mobile colistin resistance gene has attracted global attention. The prevalence of -positive (MCRPEC) in humans largely decreased following the ban of colistin as an animal growth promoter in China. However, the prevalence of MCRPEC in the hospital

A gut-on-a-chip incorporating human faecal samples and peristalsis predicts responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma. Patient responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors can be influenced by the gastrointestinal microbiome. Mouse models can be used to study microbiome-host crosstalk, yet their utility is constrained by substantial anatomical, functional, immunological and microbial

The human fecal endocannabinoidome mediator profile is mainly defined by the fecal microbiota and diet. The endocannabinoid system and its extension, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), are involved in numerous biological processes, notably energy homeostasis, across virtually all tissues. While the circulating eCBome mediator profile is associated with dietary intakes and metabolic status , an important knowledge gap resides in the identification of the precise determinants of these mediators in the gut lumen. We aimed at establishing the profile of eCBome mediators in human feces and investigating their association with circulating eCBome mediators, dietary intakes, metabolic status and gut microbiota composition. N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) were profiled

Metabolomic profiling of human feces and plasma from extrauterine growth restriction infants. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) affects a substantial proportion of preterm infants and may influence both short-term complications and long-term sequelae. While many preterm infants with EUGR are secondary to small for gestational age (SGA) or very low birth weight (VLBW), a subset of EUGR

DNA sequence detected in human fecal sample from Peru in 2016 and designated as pecovirus (Peruvian stool-associated circo-like virus). This study reported for the first time the Human feces pecovirus in the feces of two newly diagnosed HIV patients in Brazil. Our comparative analysis showed that although pecoviruses in South America share an identical genome structure they diverge and form distinct Detection of human feces pecovirus in newly diagnosed HIV patients in Brazil. Circular single stranded DNA viruses (CRESS DNA) encoding a homologous replication-associated protein (REP) have been identified in most of eukaryotic groups. It is not clear yet the role in human diseases or details of the life cycle of these viruses. Recently, much interest has been raised in the evolutionary history

Human Fecal Bile Acid Analysis after Investigational Microbiota-Based Live Biotherapeutic Delivery for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. Microbiome-based therapeutics are increasingly evaluated as a strategy to reduce recurrent infection (rCDI), with proposed mechanisms including restoration of the microbiota and microbiota-mediated functions, such as bile acid (BA) metabolism

A randomized, double-blinded study evaluating effect of matcha green tea on human fecal microbiota. Matcha green tea is made from powdered green tea leaves. Unlike regular green tea, Matcha green tea is believed to exert beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, as it is richer in nutrients such as tea catechins and insoluble dietary fiber. In the present study, we aimed to investigate

Human Fecal Carriage of Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 283, Thailand. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) sequence type 283 bacteremia, found almost exclusively in Southeast Asia, is associated with consuming raw freshwater fish, but some patients deny consumption. We detected fecal carriage in 5/184 (2.7%) persons in northeast Thailand. Human carriers might contribute

Analysis of Microplastics in Human Feces Reveals a Correlation between Fecal Microplastics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Status. Human ingestion of microplastics (MPs) is inevitable due to the ubiquity of MPs in various foods and drinking water. Whether the ingestion of MPs poses a substantial risk to human health is far from understood. Here, by analyzing the characteristics of MPs in the feces

Host transcriptome signatures in human faecal-washes predict histological remission in patients with IBD. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), yet entails cumbersome preparations and risks of injury. Existing non-invasive prognostic tools are limited in their diagnostic power. Moreover, transcriptomics of colonic biopsies have

Antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3')-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) abundance in animal faeces, meat, production environments and human faeces in Europe. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an affordable method to quantify antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) targets, allowing comparisons of ARG abundance along animal production chains. We present a comparison of ARG abundance across various -associated samples. The between-country and between-farm variation of ARG abundance could partially be explained by antimicrobial use and farm biosecurity levels. ARG abundance in human faeces was related to livestock antimicrobial resistance exposure.

Analysis of the Associations Between the Human Fecal Microbiome and Bone Density, Structure, and Strength: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Cohort. In preclinical models, the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been linked to bone growth and homeostasis, but there are few available data from studies of human populations. In a hypothesis-generating experiment in a large

Human Fecal Mucin Glycosylation as a New Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. For the first time, fecal mucins of Crohn’s disease patients were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Compared with control subjects, Crohn’s disease patients showed a significant decrease in sialylated glycans that we propose as new noninvasive tool for screening of intestinal diseases.

Impacts of an Urban Sanitation Intervention on Fecal Indicators and the Prevalence of Human Fecal Contamination in Mozambique. Fecal source tracking (FST) may be useful to assess pathways of fecal contamination in domestic environments and to estimate the impacts of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in low-income settings. We measured two nonspecific and two human-associated fecal indicators in water, soil, and surfaces before and after a shared latrine intervention from low-income households in Maputo, Mozambique, participating in the Maputo Sanitation (MapSan) trial. Up to a quarter of households were impacted by human fecal contamination, but trends were unaffected by improvements to shared sanitation facilities. The intervention reduced gene concentrations in soil

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome. The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and impacts gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, as evidenced by the following: (a) an overall reduction in both the numbers and diversity

Septic Systems and Rainfall Influence Human Fecal Marker and Indicator Organism Occurrence in Private Wells in Southeastern Pennsylvania. In the United States, approximately 48 million people are served by private wells. Unlike public water systems, private well water quality is not monitored, and there are few studies on the extent and sources of contamination of private wells. We extensively on well contamination. Microbiological measurements, chemical water quality data, and dye tracer tests provide evidence of human fecal contamination in the private wells studied, suggesting that household septic systems are the source of this contamination.

CrAssphage as a Novel Tool to Detect Human Fecal Contamination on Environmental Surfaces and Hands. CrAssphage is a recently discovered human gut-associated bacteriophage. To validate the potential use of crAssphage for detecting human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands, we tested stool samples (n = 60), hand samples (n = 30), and environmental swab samples (n = 201) from 17 , but not in human respiratory samples or animal fecal samples. CrAssphage sequences could be grouped into 2 major genetic clusters. Our data suggest that crAssphage could be used to detect human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands.

Human faeces-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli discharge into sanitation systems in 2015 and 2030: a global and regional analysis. Improving management of and treatment within sanitation waste streams could slow the development and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, but the magnitude of impact has not been quantified. Extended-spectrum β ladder globally and by WHO region to determine the global scale at which sanitation infrastructure serves as a vehicle for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. In this global and regional analysis, we used publicly available sanitation coverage data from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme and most recent available scientific literature on human faecal production (2018

Fate of CMY-2-encoding plasmids introduced into the human fecal microbiota by exogenous Escherichia coli. The gut is a hot spot for transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from ingested exogenous bacteria to the indigenous microbiota. The objective of this study was to determine the fate of two nearly identical -harboring plasmids introduced into the human fecal microbiota by two transfer CMY-2-encoding IncI1 plasmids to the human fecal microbiota. Small amounts of the exogenous strain are sufficient to ensure plasmid transfer if the strain is able to survive the gastric environment.

Identification of Novel Urolithin Metabolites in Human Feces and Urine after the Intake of a Pomegranate Extract. Urolithins are bioactive gut microbiota metabolites of ellagic acid. Here, we have identified four unknown urolithins in human feces after the intake of a pomegranate extract. The new metabolites occurred only in 19% of the subjects. 4,8,9,10-Tetrahydroxy urolithin, (urolithin M6R