"N-localizer" from_date:2012

The Invention and Early History of the N-Localizer for Stereotactic Neurosurgery Nearly four decades after the invention of the N-localizer, its origin and history remain misunderstood. Some are unaware that a third-year medical student invented this technology. The following conspectus accurately chronicles the origin of the N-localizer, presents recently discovered evidence that documents its

criteriaDownload (PDF)Developed in collaboration with oncologists in Wales.Starting criteria Patients must satisfy all of the following criteria. Treatment may be considered in patients who: * have histologically confirmed Stage II (T3-T4, N0) or III (any T, N+), locally advanced rectal cancer * have dMMR/MSI-H tumour status determined using a validated testing method * have not received prior radiation therapy

) 1 112 (66) 115 (66) Number of previous lines of therapy in advanced disease stage, n (%) 1 77 (45) 78 (45) 2 65 (38) 69 (40) > 2 29 (17) 27 (16) History of brain metastasesb, n (%) Yes 58 (34) 60 (35) No 113 (66) 114 (66) Histology type, n (%) Squamous 1 (< 1) 7 (4) Non-squamous 169 (99) 165 (95) Other 1 (< 1) 2 (1) Disease stage, n (%) Locally advanced and inoperable 9 (5) 8 (5) Metastatic

placebo + cisplatin + gemcitabine (multipage table) Study Characteristic Category Durvalumab + cisplatin + gemcitabine N = 405 Placebo + cisplatin + gemcitabine N = 405 Stage of disease, n (%) Locally advanced 55 (13.6) 73 (18.0) Metastatic 350 (86.4) 331 (81.7) Missing 0 1 (0.2) PD-L1 expression, n (%) High (TAP ≥ 1%) 239 (59.0) 251 (62.0) Low/Negative (TAP < 1%) 119 (29.4) 117 (28.9) Missing 47 (11.6

location, n (%) Gastro-oesophageal junction 97 (33) 99 (33) Stomach 201 (67) 197 (67) Disease status, n (%) Locally advanced 8 (3) 6 (2) Metastatic 290 (97) 290 (98) Addendum A24-58 Version 1.0 Pembrolizumab – Addendum to Project A24-01 31 May 2024 Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) - 5 - Table 2: Characteristics of the PD-L1-positive study population as well as study/treatment

(55) 76 (55) 78 (57) 2 3 (2) 9 (6) 7 (5) 7 (5) Smoking status, n (%) Never-smoker 81 (54) 94 (64) 84 (61) 75 (54) Former 55 (37) 43 (29) 50 (36) 56 (41) Active 13 (9) 9 (6) 3 (2) 7 (5) Histology, n (%) Adenocarcinoma 140 (94) 140 (95) 126 (92) 137 (99) Other/unknown 9 (6) 7 (5) 11 (8) 1 (1) Disease stage at baseline, n (%) Locally advanced 14 (9) 8 (5) 8 (6) 12 (9

(58) Unknown 0 (0) 1 (< 1) Location of primary tumour at first diagnosis, n (%) Stomach 333 (70) 334 (69) Gastrooesophageal junction 84 (18) 86 (18) Oesophagus 56 (12) 62 (13) Disease status, n (%) Locally recurrent/advanced 19 (4) 21 (4) Metastatic 454 (96) 461 (96) Prior surgery related to current cancer, n (%) Yes 97 (21) 105 (22) No 376 (79) 377 (78) Prior radiotherapy, n (%) Yes 44 (9

(second data cut-off: 30 September 2019) Disease classification, n (%) Locally advanced 13 (5) 9 (7) Metastatic 252 (95) 121 (93) (Hormone) receptor status, n (%) ER- and PR-negative, HER2-negative (TNBC)c 123 (46) 53 (41) ER- and/or PR-positive, HER2-negativec 143 (54) 77 (59) Prior endocrine regimen in any settingd 0 12 (8) 13 (17) ≥ 1 131 (92) 64 (83) Number of prior endocrine regimen in any

at initial diagnosis, n (%) I 22 (13) 0 (0) II 29 (18) 0 (0) III 38 (23) 1 (4) IV 47 (29) 0 (0) Unknown/not reported 28 (17) 23 (96) Time since initial diagnosis [years] Mean (SD) 3.8 (5.3) 2.2 (2.0) Median [min; max] 1.7 [0.02; 31.5] 1.8 [0.32; 9.6] Disease stage at start of study, n (%) Locally advanced 42 (26) 0 (0) Metastatic 122 (74) 0 (0) Other 0 (0) 24 (100) Addendum A20-17

) Disease stage, n (%) Locally advanced, non-resectable 23 (12.4) 24 (13.1) Metastatic 162 (87.6) 159 (86.9) Disease duration: time between first diagnosis and randomization [years], mean (SD) 2.53 (2.9) 2.53 (3.1) Number of locations of the disease, n (%) 0-3 149 (80.5) 140 (76.5) > 3 36 (19.5) 43 (23.5) Location of metastases, n (%) Brain 15 (8.1) 11 (6.0) Liver 42 (22.7) 41 (22.3) Lungs 86 (46.5

until July 2018 Outcome N (%) Local recurrence 2 (5.6) Adjuvant therapy Chemotherapy 2 (5.6) Hormone therapy 22 (61.1) Received EBRT after IORT Planned 15 (41.6) Complications Seroma 10 (27.8) Acute RTOG toxicity score ≥3 0 (0) Late RTOG toxicity score ≥3 1 (3.0) Intrabeam 9 14 December 2021 Technology Assessment Unit, MUHC REFERENCES 1. Vaidya, J.S., et al., Targeted

(current or former) 117 (81.3) 114 (79.7) ECOG Performance Status, n (%) 0 46 (32.4) 45 (31.7) 1 96 (67.6) 97 (68.3) Histology, n (%) Squamous 49 (34.0) 48 (33.6) Non-squamous 95 (66.0) 95 (66.4) Prior therapies, n (%) 1 93 (64.6) 96 (67.1) 2 51 (35.4) 47 (32.9) Current disease status, n (%) Locally advanced 8 (5.6) 5 (3.5) Metastatic disease 136 (94.4) 138 (96.5) Number of metastases at start