"Placental microbiome" from_date:2012

No evidence for a placental microbiome in human pregnancies at term. The placenta plays an important role in the modulation of pregnancy immunity; however, there is no consensus regarding the existence of a placental microbiome in healthy full-term pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate the existence and origin of a placental microbiome. A cross-sectional study comparing samples (3 layers experiments indicated that placental tissue may facilitate the inhibition of bacterial growth. We found no evidence to support the existence of a placental microbiome in our study of 76 term pregnancies, which used polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing techniques and bacterial culture experiments. Incidental findings of bacterial species could be due to contamination or to low-grade

Deep microbial analysis of multiple placentas shows no evidence for a placental microbiome. To resolve the controversy regarding the presence of a microbiota in the placenta. Classical and molecular microbiological study. All samples were collected during caesarean section. A total of 28 human placentas and six murine placentas. All 28 human placentas were checked for 16S rRNA gene amplification that the fetal environment in the womb is sterile. Based on the immunohistochemistry and the limit of detection of the other methods used, if a placental microbiome exists, it is of extreme low biomass, and thus its effect on clinical phenotypes is probably minor, if it exists at all. Using several microbiological and molecular methods in parallel, we found no compelling evidence of bacteria in human and mouse

Lack of detection of a human placenta microbiome in samples from preterm and term deliveries Historically, the human womb has been thought to be sterile in healthy pregnancies, but this idea has been challenged by recent studies using DNA sequence-based methods, which have suggested that the womb is colonized with bacteria. For example, analysis of DNA from placenta samples yielded small used to characterize placenta and control samples. We first quantified absolute amounts of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences using 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR). As in our previous study, levels were found to be low in the placenta samples and indistinguishable from negative controls. Analysis by DNA sequencing did not yield a placenta microbiome distinct from negative controls, either using

The Placental Microbiome is Altered Among Subjects with Spontaneous Preterm Birth with and without Chorioamnionitis. Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is not uncommonly associated with chorioamnionitis. We recently have demonstrated that the placenta harbors a unique microbiome with similar flora to the oral community. We also have shown

Maternal health and the placental microbiome. Over the past decade, the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function and behavior in humans has become apparent. It has become clear that the placenta is not a sterile organ, but rather has its own endogenous microbiome. The composition of the placental microbiome is distinct from that of the vagina and has been reported to resemble the oral microbiome. Compared to the gut microbiome, the placental microbiome exhibits limited microbial diversity. This review will focus on the current understanding of the placental microbiota in normal healthy pregnancy and also in disease states including preterm birth, chorioamnionitis and maternal conditions such as obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Factors known

The Preterm Placental Microbiome Varies in Association with Excess Maternal Gestational Weight Gain. Although a higher maternal body mass index is associated with preterm birth, it is unclear whether excess gestational weight gain (GWG) or obesity drives increased risk. We and others have shown that the placenta harbors microbiota, which is significantly different among preterm births. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether the preterm placental microbiome varies by virtue of obesity or alternately by excess GWG. Placentas (n=320) were collected from term and preterm pregnancies. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Data were analyzed by clinical covariates that included the 2009 Institute of Medicine's GWG guideline and obesity. Analysis of 16S recombinant

Placental microbiome in normal pregnancy Placental microbiome in normal pregnancy Print | PDF PROSPERO This information has been provided by the named contact for this review. CRD has accepted this information in good faith and registered the review in PROSPERO. The registrant confirms that the information supplied for this submission is accurate and complete. CRD bears no responsibility

placental microbiome exist. We analyzed placental and vaginal microbiome through V3-V4 16srRNA sequencing and observed increased abundance of proteobacteria, with concomitant decline in the firmicutes population in preterm vagina. Simplistic placental microflora included many environmental microbes with PTB placenta carrying pathogenic microbes like ureaplasma and mycoplasma species. We observed

Placental microbial-metabolite profiles and inflammatory mechanisms associated with preterm birth. There is growing emphasis on the potential significance of the placental microbiome and microbiome-metabolite interactions in immune responses and subsequent pregnancy outcome, especially in relation to preterm birth (PTB). This review discusses in detail the pathomechanisms of placental inflammatory responses and the resultant maternal-fetal allograft rejection in both microbial-induced and sterile conditions. It also highlights some potential placental-associated predictive markers of PTB for future investigation. The existence of a placental microbiome remains debatable. Therefore, an overview of our current understanding of the state and role of the placental microbiome (if it exists

response that impairs the growth of the developing fetus. Sequencing studies demonstrate the presence of organisms derived from the oral microbiome in the placenta, but DNA-based sequencing studies should not be the only technique to evaluate the placental microbiome because they may not detect important shifts in the metabolic capability of the microbiome. In humans, polymerase chain reaction

of interest, a number of organisms were enriched in the spontaneous preterm-delivery cohort, including organisms that have been associated previously with adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically spp. and spp. However, analyses of the overall community structure did not reveal convincing evidence for the existence of a reproducible "preterm placental microbiome." Preterm birth is associated with both psychological and physical disabilities and is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection is known to be an important cause of spontaneous preterm birth, and recent research has implicated variation in the "placental microbiome" in the risk of preterm birth. Consistent with data from previous studies, the abundances of certain clinically relevant species differed between

microbiome during pregnancy is very poorly characterized. In addition, the recent revelation that placental microbiome is akin to oral microbiome further potentiates the importance of oral dysbiosis in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, leveraging on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, we present a snapshot of the variations in the oral microbial composition with the progression of pregnancy

on the placental microbiome in the context of mother's BCG vaccination. Here we report an isolation of filterable mycobacterial L-form cultures from gestational tissues and blood of healthy newborns delivered by healthy BCG-vaccinated mothers after normal pregnancy. Of note, vertically transmitted mycobacterial L-forms as a part of placentobiome of the pregnant women didn't influence the number of resident

is, for the most part, preventable, the medical and dental public health communities can address intervention strategies to control oral inflammatory disease, lessen the systemic inflammatory burden, and ultimately reduce the potential for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the oral, vaginal, and placental microbiomes, considers their potential impact on preterm labor, and the future research

to the oral non-pregnant microbiome. Here, the possible origin of the placental microbiome was assessed, examining the gut, oral and placental microbiomes from the same pregnant women. Microbiome profiles from 37 overweight and obese pregnant women were examined by 16SrRNA sequencing. Fecal and oral contributions to the establishment of the placental microbiome were evaluated. Core phylotypes between body sites and metagenome predictive functionality were determined. The placental microbiome showed a higher resemblance and phylogenetic proximity with the pregnant oral microbiome. However, similarity decreased at lower taxonomic levels and microbiomes clustered based on tissue origin. Core genera: Prevotella, Streptococcus and Veillonella were shared between all body compartments. Pathways encoding

placental niches. Finally, profiles are not altered by mode of delivery. Together these findings suggest that there is niche-specificity to the placental microbiota and placental microbiome studies should consider regional differences, which may affect maternal, fetal, and/or neonatal health and physiology.

and Acinetobacter genus showed lower relative abundance in women with GDM compared to control (P < 0.05). In GDM, lower abundance of placental Acinetobacter associated with a more adverse metabolic (higher O'Sullivan glucose) and inflammatory phenotype (lower blood eosinophil count and lower placental expression of IL10 and TIMP3) (P < 0.05 to P = 0.001). Calcium signaling pathway was increased in GDM placental microbiome. A distinct microbiota profile and microbiome is present in GDM. Acinetobacter has been recently shown to induce IL-10 in mice. GDM could constitute a state of placental microbiota-driven altered immunologic tolerance, making placental microbiota a new target for therapy in GDM.

Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota Recent studies have suggested that bacteria associated with the placenta-a "placental microbiome"-may be important in reproductive health and disease. However, a challenge in working with specimens with low bacterial biomass, such as placental samples, is that some or all

and placental microbiomes and the microbiome acquisition by infant in the control of infection. Investigations on these topics are needed in order to improve the programs aiming to diagnose, manage and control congenital Chagas disease.

environment during normal term pregnancies has been challenged more recently. While found to be a key contributor of evolution in the animal kingdom, maternal transmission of commensal bacteria may also constitute a critical process during healthy pregnancies in humans with yet unclear developmental importance. Metagenomic sequencing has elucidated a rich placental microbiome in normal term pregnancies