Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood. Exposure to rape, sexual assault and sexual abuse has lifelong impacts for mental health and well-being. Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) are among the most common interventions offered to survivors to alleviate post of psychosocial intervention offered to individuals who experienced rape, sexual assault or sexual abuse as adults. To assess the effects of psychosocial interventions on mental health and well-being for survivors of rape, sexual assault or sexual abuse experienced during adulthood. In January 2022, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 12 other databases and three trials registers. We also checked reference
I did not scream. i could not; i was terrified. i just followed them. . .i blocked my mind. then they all raped me: A narrative inquiry on the onset of tonic immobility among women rape victims in Nigeria. Tonic immobility (TI) is a common uncontrollable autonomic mammalian response to an extremely fearful situation. It is one of the most immediate devastating consequences of rape and remains poorly understood. While controversies over its definition persist among researchers, this also reflects on the care for and support to victims. The study aimed to explore and describe the onset of TI and the meaning attached to the experience among women raped victims in Nigeria. The study design was the qualitative narrative inquiry approach. Criterion and purposive sampling were conducted across
The mental health prognosis of offspring born of genocidal rape is influenced by family members, the community and their perceptions toward them. There is little known about the family and community maltreatment of the offspring born of the genocidal rape and the offspring's self-perceptions and how they influence their recovery from mental health problems. This study aimed to examine how inductively using thematic analysis within the NVivo 12 software. Participants reported long-term psychological and psychosomatic consequences stemming from being born of genocidal rape. Notably, family and community maltreatment of the offspring and their self-perception exacerbated psychological distress and affected their capacity to recover. The majority of the offspring were using coping strategies
Associations between defensive victim-blaming responses (DARVO), rape myth acceptance, and sexual harassment. DARVO (Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender) is a response frequently exhibited by perpetrators of wrongdoing after being confronted or held accountable for their harmful behaviors. Consistent with the original conceptualization of DARVO as a strategy used by sex offenders to deflect that contribute to sexual violence. A sample of 602 university students was recruited to test hypotheses predicting positive associations between individuals' use of DARVO responses, sexual harassment perpetration, and acceptance of rape myths. Supporting predictions, small but positive correlations emerged between study variables. Data from a second sample of 335 community adults from MTurk were analyzed
Juror characteristics on trial: Investigating how psychopathic traits, rape attitudes, victimization experiences, and juror demographics influence decision-making in an intimate partner rape trial. Trial by jury is a longstanding legal tradition used in common law jurisdictions to try the most serious of criminal cases. Yet, despite hearing the same trial evidence, individual jurors often arrive trial simulations depicting a videotaped recreation of an intimate partner rape trial. Pre-trial, mock-jurors completed a psychosocial survey capturing their psychopathic personality traits (), rape myth beliefs, victimization experiences and demographics. Post-trial, jurors deliberated to reach a collective group decision and individual verdict decisions were recorded pre- and post-deliberation
Police Decisions in a Rape Scenario: The Effect of Trauma Response, Forensic Evidence, Stranger-Perpetrators, and Rape Mythology. This study examined the direct effect of "classic rape" characteristics, and how they were moderated by rape myth endorsement, on the likelihood of arrest, perceived district attorney charge acceptance, and perceived suspect conviction using a formal rape disclosure stereotypical trauma response, forensic medical exam, perpetrator type, and the three outcome variables. Rape myth endorsement moderated the effect of manipulations on the dependent variables. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Alcohol Use, Rape Myth Acceptance, Rape Empathy, and Sexual Assault History Influence the Believability of a Hypothetical Victim's Report of Sexual Assault. College sexual assault is a common problem, and survivors often do not report their experience to college campus officials or law enforcement for fear of not being believed. This study examined how contextual factors such as alcohol use and whether the perpetrator was described as a student-athlete or student, and rater characteristics, such as the history of sexual assault and attitudes toward rape, influenced college students' perceptions of the believability of a hypothetical victim's sexual assault account. In all, 449 ( = 449) undergraduates read a vignette describing a hypothetical sexual assault and were assigned randomly to one
Therapists perspectives on the Early Intervention after Rape study: a qualitative process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial. : Early interventions using trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy have the potential to alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in individuals who have experienced recent sexual assault. Specialized Sexual Assault Centers (SACs) in Norway offers psychosocial support, however, this support varies across SACs and its efficacy has not been researched. The Early Intervention after Rape (EIR) study is a multisite randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of training SAC nurses and social workers to deliver a modified version of prolonged exposure therapy shortly after rape.: This article aims to present a qualitative
Young People Are Willing to Intervene Against Rape Myths Online: A Simulated Social Media Experiment. Social media present opportunities to intervene on harmful rape myth beliefs among adolescents and young adults, such as through digital bystander intervention. We conducted a digital experiment to examine young peoples' willingness to intervene on rape myth comments in a simulated social media environment. Participants were adolescents and young adults (n = 712) aged 18-25 years (M = 22.14, SD = 1.92). Participants randomly viewed social media posts with the following: (1) rape myth comments, (2) rape myth comments with bystander intervention comments, or (3) control condition with only neutral comments. Participants then reported willingness to intervene, gender stereotype agreement, alcohol
Biometric characteristics of winter rape plants (Brassica napus L.) before harvest in the soil and climatic conditions of north-eastern Poland. The research was based on a field experiment carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Station in the climatic and soil conditions of north-eastern Poland. The factors of the experiment were: I-morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population, restored
Use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring and prediction of oilseed rape crop performance. The flowering stage of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is of vital interest in precision agriculture. It has been shown that data describing the flower production of oilseed rape (OSR), at stage 3, in spring can be used to predict seed yield at harvest. Traditional field-based techniques
In between the lines of the narrative map: Phenomenological analysis of war rape victims in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Research conducted in the last four decades on rape and other forms of sexual violence shows that they are not only the result of transgression behaviors of some people but have been used as strategic, systemic, and calculated tools of war, ethnic cleansing, and genocide . Examining the nature and effect of wartime rape and sexual violence based on their distinctive features, context, and historical background is essential for research and service providers. This paper explores the lived experiences of sexual violence and gang rape victims during the North Ethiopian war in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from three girls and women survivors using a trauma
Design and experiment of a shovel-tooth removal end-effector for abnormal plants in hybrid rape breeding based on MBD-DEM coupling. In view of the problem that removing abnormal plants in breeding rape requires a large amount of labor and is inefficient, combined with the planting requirements of breeding rape, a shovel-tooth end-effector was designed, and a shovel-tooth removal test bench designed. The results can serve as reference for the design of rape abnormal plants removal device and the operation of MBD-DEM coupling simulation end-effector.
A qualitative study on the health system-related needs in women survivors of rape. Rape, as an adverse incidence, leads to irreparable complications and consequences in women. Provision of health services to women survivors of rape requires catering for their real needs and identifying current deficits as well as barriers. The present study aimed to explore health system-related needs in women survivors of rape. In the present qualitative study, the participants consisted of 39 individuals, including 19 women survivors of rape and 20 individuals with work experience in providing services to women survivors of rape. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method with a maximum variation in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth interviews as well as field notes
Experimental Effects of Substance Use Legality (Sober, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine) and Sexual Crime (Indecent Exposure, Rape) on Attributions of Perpetrator Responsibility, Blame, and Punishment. : The perceived culpability of a sexual crime perpetrator may be attributed as a function of both the legality of the substance used when committing the crime and the severity of the sex crime depicting a sexual offense. The independent variable of substance legality was manipulated as the perpetrator's usage of no substance (sober), alcohol (legal), marijuana (partially legal), or cocaine (illegal) at the time of the crime. The second independent variable of sexual crime severity was manipulated as the offense of indecent exposure (mild offense) or rape (severe offense) committed
Rape-Related Pregnancies in the 14 US States With Total Abortion Bans. This cross-sectional study estimates the incidence of rape-related pregnancies in US states with abortion bans.
Medical and psychological consequences of rape among survivors during armed conflicts in northeast Ethiopia. Rape is the most common act of violence against women during wartime which is considered interpersonal, social and political violence because survivors usually suffer from stigma and discrimination in the community. Sexual violence is a serious threat to women's health. The psychological and medical consequences of rape during the conflict period are not well documented. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological and medical consequences of rape among survivor in the northern Ethiopia conflict, which occurred since 2020-2022. A retrospective cross-sectional survey supplemented with a qualitative data was conducted among survivors of rape recorded until June 2022. Health
Rape survivors' experience in Tigray: a qualitative study. As consequences of war, women and girls are the most likely segment of society to be impacted by violence. War also affects the critical facilities and makes the situation worse as victims cannot get the vital basic services. According to media and unpublished reports, Tigrayan women have been victimized by gang rape and sexual violence . Furthermore, there is substantive evidence of intentional destruction and vandalization of health facilities due to the one-year-old-armed conflict. This study aimed to explore experiences of rape survivors in areas hit by armed conflict in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. In this qualitative study, a phenomenological study design was employed among Tigrayan sexual assault survivors in a war-ravaged of Tigray
Modified prolonged exposure therapy as Early Intervention after Rape (The EIR-study): study protocol for a multicenter randomized add-on superiority trial. Sexual assault and rape are the traumatic life events with the highest probability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can have devastating consequences for those afflicted by the condition. Studies indicate that modified prolonged exposure (mPE) therapy may be effective in preventing the development of PTSD in recently traumatized individuals, and especially for people who have experienced sexual assault. If a brief, manualized early intervention can prevent or reduce post-traumatic symptoms in women who have recently experienced rape, healthcare services targeted for these populations (i.e., sexual assault centers, SACs
Social Media's Impact on Rape Myth Acceptance and Negative Affect in College Women: Examining the #MeToo and #HimToo Movement. This study examined how the #MeToo movement, and backlash against it (#HimToo), influence rape myth acceptance (RMA) and negative affect among female sexual trauma survivors and controls. We randomly assigned college women ( = 389) to three social media conditions that either promoted RMA (#HimToo), challenged RMA (#MeToo), or did not address rape myths (general social media (GSM)). The findings demonstrated that women in the #HimToo condition reported more RMA, whereas women in the #MeToo and GSM conditions reported less negative affect. The results highlight that the way we talk about rape on social media influences momentary affect and RMA.