"Rostral ventrolateral medulla" from_date:2012

IFN-γ deficiency in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to stress-induced hypertension by impairing microglial synaptic engulfment. Dysfunctional neurons and microglia in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Functional perturbation of microglial synaptic engulfment can induce aberrant brain circuit

Contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression to enhancement in tonically active glutamatergic inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertension. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is critical in regulating cardiovascular function, but its role involved in the central control of blood pressure (BP) is uncovered. The tonic glutamatergic inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM

Cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist JWH133 decreases blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats through relieving inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the brain. Neuroinflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been reported to be associated with hypertension. The upregulation and activation of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor may be part

Effects of vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla for blood pressure variability in stroke patients. Vascular compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been associated with hypertension or blood pressure (BP) variability. For acute ischemic stroke patients, increased BP variability may cause poor functional outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that RVLM

Role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 in rostral ventrolateral medulla in high-fat diet-induced hypertension in rats. Stimulation of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) increases renal sympathetic activity (RSNA) and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Thus, we hypothesized that CB1 receptor in the RVLM may play a critical role in the development of obesity

Blockade of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Apelin Receptors Does Not Attenuate Arterial Pressure in SHR and L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats Dysfunction of the apelinergic system, comprised of the neuropeptide apelin mediating its effects via the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ), may underlie the onset of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Apelin expression is increased in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats, however, evidence that the apelinergic system chronically influences mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) under pathophysiological conditions remains to be established. In this study we investigated, in conscious unrestrained rats, whether APJ contributes to MABP

Overexpression of ß-Arrestin1 in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Downregulates Angiotensin Receptor and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertension Hypertension is characterized by sympathetic overactivity, which is associated with an enhancement in angiotensin receptor type I (AT1R) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). β-arrestin1, a canonical scaffold protein, has been suggested to show

Renal sympathetic denervation lowers arterial pressure in canines with obesity-induced hypertension by regulating GAD65 and AT(1)R expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla. To explore the roles of glutamate acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) in the action of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on obesity-induced hypertension in canines. Thirty-two beagles , serum angiotensin II level, rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) glutamate level, and ATR mRNA and protein expression and decreases in γ-amino acid butyric acid (γ-GABA) level and GAD65 mRNA and protein expression in the RVLM (all P < 0.05). Treatment with RSD significantly attenuated the above abnormal alterations (all P < 0.05). Linear correlation analysis revealed that angiotensin II level

Selective Nrf2 Gene Deletion in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Evokes Hypertension and Sympathoexcitation in Mice. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional regulator of redox homeostasis that impacts antioxidant gene expression. Central oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant enzyme expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM

Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Mediates the Antihypertensive Effects of Acupuncture in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where the sympathetic nervous control center is located, contributes to neural mechanisms of hypertension. Acupuncture was previously reported to favorably

Long-Term High Salt Intake Involves Reduced SK Currents and Increased Excitability of PVN Neurons with Projections to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Rats Evidence indicates that high salt (HS) intake activates presympathetic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons, which contributes to sympathoexcitation of salt-sensitive hypertension. The present study determined whether 5 weeks of HS (2

Enhancement in Tonically Active Glutamatergic Inputs to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contributes to Neuropathic Pain-Induced High Blood Pressure Neuropathic pain increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension with the characteristic of sympathetic overactivity. The enhanced tonically active glutamatergic input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes

Neuroinflammation contributes to autophagy flux blockage in the neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla in stress-induced hypertension rats Neuroinflammation plays hypertensive roles in the uninjured autonomic nuclei of the central nervous system, while its mechanisms remain unclear. The present study is to investigate the effect of neuroinflammation on autophagy in the neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons for the maintenance of vasomotor tone reside. Stress-induced hypertension (SIH) was induced by electric foot-shock stressors with noise interventions in rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the power density of the low frequency (LF) component of the SAP spectrum were measured to reflect sympathetic vasomotor activity. Microglia activation

Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contributes To Cardiovascular Regulation in Preeclampsia It has been demonstrated that preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertension disorder, is characterized by high blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic overactivity. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for controlling

Hypotensive Response to Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Requires Functional GABA-A Receptors Angiotensin II, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interact within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulating the central regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic tone. Our aim was to assess

Microarray analysis of aging-associated immune system alterations in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of F344 rats The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is an area of the brain stem that contains diverse neural substrates that are involved in systems critical for physiological function. There is evidence that aging affects some neural substrates within the RVLM, although age-related changes

The Cardiovascular Effect of Systemic Homocysteine Is Associated with Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla It has been demonstrated that homocysteine (HCY) is a significant risk factor of hypertension, which is characterized by overactivity of sympathetic tone. Excessive oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for control of sympathetic outflow

Blood Pressure Regulation by the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Conscious Rats: Effects of Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, Baroreceptor Denervation, and Anesthesia Current understanding of the contribution of C1 neurons to blood pressure (BP) regulation derives predominantly from experiments performed in anesthetized animals or reduced preparations. Here, we use ArchaerhodopsinT3.0 (ArchT) loss

Vasopressin V1a receptors mediate the hypertensive effects of [Pyr1]apelin‐13 in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla Dysfunctions in CNS regulation of arterial blood pressure lead to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity that participates in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The apelin-apelin receptor system affects arterial blood pressure homeostasis; however, the central mechanisms underlying apelin-mediated changes in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure have not been clarified. We explored the mechanisms involved in the regulation of [Pyr ]apelin-13-mediated cardiovascular control within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) using selective receptor antagonists. We show that [Pyr ]apelin-13 acts as a modulating neurotransmitter in the normotensive RVLM to affect

Thalamic dopaminergic neurons projects to the paraventricular nucleus-rostral ventrolateral medulla/C1 neural circuit Paraventricular nuclei (PVN) projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)/C1 catecholaminergic neuron group constitute the pre-autonomic sympathetic center involved in the neural control of systemic cardiovascular function. However, the role of extra-hypothalamic