"Tear gas" from_date:2012

Tear gas (crowd control agents) You need to be logged in to see the full monograph.LoginEXPOSURE TO ‘TEAR GAS’ (CROWD CONTROL AGENTS) IN PREGNANCYDate of issue: September 2023, Version: 2.1Agents used for crowd control, such as CS gas, CR gas, CN gas, and pepper sprays, including PAVA, are potent, rapidly incapacitating sensory irritants and lacrimators. They cause irritation of the mucous

Tear gas (crowd control) EXPOSURE TO ‘TEAR GAS’ (CROWD CONTROL AGENTS) IN PREGNANCY 0344 892 0909Public Health England EXPOSURE TO ‘TEAR GAS’ (CROWD CONTROL AGENTS) IN PREGNANCYView printable version (Date of issue: December 2017, Version: 2) This is a UKTIS monograph for use by health care professionals. For case-specific advice please contact UKTIS on 0344 892 0909. To report an exposure please

Baby Shampoo to Relieve the Discomfort of Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial Oleoresin capsicum (OC) or pepper spray, and tear gas (CS) are used by police and the military and produce severe discomfort. Some have proposed that washing with baby shampoo helps reduce this discomfort. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to determine if baby

Effects of Tear Gases on the Eye. Chemical agents that target the eyes have been a popular choice for law enforcement during riots and for military training for nearly a century. The most commonly used agents are chloroacetophenone (formerly sold as Mace), o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, and oleoresin capsicum (OC or pepper spray, current ingredient for Mace). Initially, most severe ocular acuity. Current management, based on limited human studies, emphasizes decontamination and symptomatic treatment. We review the literature related to clinical and histopathologic effects of tear gas agents on the eye and their management.

Tear gas: an epidemiological and mechanistic reassessment Deployments of tear gas and pepper spray have rapidly increased worldwide. Large amounts of tear gas have been used in densely populated cities, including Cairo, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Manama (Bahrain), and Hong Kong. In the United States, tear gas was used extensively during recent riots in Ferguson, Missouri. Whereas tear gas deployment systems have rapidly improved-with aerial drone systems tested and requested by law enforcement-epidemiological and mechanistic research have lagged behind and have received little attention. Case studies and recent epidemiological studies revealed that tear gas agents can cause lung, cutaneous, and ocular injuries, with individuals affected by chronic morbidities at high risk for complications

gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis. Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2

products will be discussed in more detail for each agent. Chemical-induced respiratory failure A great number of chemical agents can induce respiratory failure within a few seconds or minutes to several hours after exposure. These include lung damaging agents, cyanide, nerve agents, opioids, and tear gases used in a closed atmosphere. The first care for patients suffering from respiratory symptoms

including sodium hypochlorite (bleach)Solvents, such as: * paint thinners * petrol * nail varnish removerFixatives, such as: * formaldehyde * glutaraldehydeContact lens solutions including hydrogen peroxide;In clinical practice, tonometer disinfection fluidsPepper spray, tear gases (CS, CN, CR)Cyano-acrylate adhesive (superglue) – tube can be confused with eye drops or ointmentArtificial eyelash glue or deliberate contact with the eye, can damage it. These include alkalis, acids, detergents, solvents, certain contact lens solutions and pepper spray or tear gas. Generally the damage is greatest with alkalis such as ammonia, found in some household cleaners, and sodium hydroxide, present in drain and oven cleaners, as these chemicals pass easily through the outer coat of the eye. Chemical injuries can occur

; nitrogen gas; nitrous oxide; noble gases) * Displace oxygen * Pulmonary irritants * (e.g pharmacologic CS or chloroacetophenone gas – tear gas; ammonia; phosgene ozone) * Direct pulmonary irritation * Smoke/soot Inhalation * Irritation & O2 displacement * Cyanide & Hydrogen Sulfide * Cellular toxicity * Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation * Carbon Monoxide * hypoxia cause direct cellular toxicity.Examples: * Products of combustion * Sulfur dioxide (smog from fossil fuels) * Oxygen, hydrogen fluoride * Chlorine from pools * Smoke inhalation * Tear gas * Ammonia * Phosgene They act on the mucous membranes, eyes and upper airways = lacrimation, nasal burning, coughing, dyspnea, progressing to ARDS.The low solubility gases may cause a delay

soft contact lenses. Steroids are used cautiously. * After chemical injury, the goal is to restore a normal ocular surface and clarity. If extensive corneal scarring is present, surgical debridement, limbal stem cell grafting, amniotic membrane transplantation and keratoprosthesis can help restore vision.Deterrent spray eye injuriesCS gas (tear gas or 'mace') injuries * CS gas produces ocular access only) 12. Gwenhure T; Procedure for eye irrigation to treat ocular chemical injury. Nursing Times, 116: 2, 46-48, 2020. 13. Tidwell RD, Wills BK; Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Toxicity 14. Kniestedt C, Fleischhauer J, Sturmer J, et al; Pepper spray injuries of the anterior segment of the eye. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2005 Mar222(3):267-70. 15. Javadi MA

are not specific for chlorine; many are also features of exposure to other chemical agents such as phosgene and tear gas, and to some neurological agents. For those exposed, the most obvious clues to chlorine as the causative agent are the characteristic smell of chlorine and the sight of the yellow-green, dense gas at ground level.Latent symptoms[11, 12]The presence and speed of development of pulmonary oedema

properly - eg, where there is neuropathy, proptosis, or ectropion or in unconscious patients.Superficial keratitis may occur in response to UV injury (photokeratitis), or to chemical injury (eg, from tear gas).Corneal FBs usually cause marked irritation, redness and watering, often with pain and a repeated blink reflex. Patients are usually very good at localising the FB.[2] Some corneal FBs can cause

lovelies went all out - cavalry swinging sabers, tear gas, bayonets. Tanks crushed their tents and shanties which were then burned. There were a few deaths and many injuries. Men who had served under Patton and MacArthur in France were there, and before the assault, some attempted personal appeals to no avail.It played a significant role in Hoover's defeat that November. * Log in to post commentsBy Old

Potency of irritation by benzylidenemalononitriles in humans correlates with TRPA1 ion channel activation We show that the physiological activity of solid aerosolized benzylidenemalononitriles (BMNs) including 'tear gas' (CS) in historic human volunteer trials correlates with activation of the human transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 ion channel (hTRPA1). This suggests that the irritation

to the hard tissue and/or soft tissue.Analysis of subgroups or subsetsSubgroups: types of LLW (KIPS, tear gas, conducted electrical weapons, others)Contact details for further informationCamila Corral Nuñezcamila.corral@odontologia.uchile.clOrganisational affiliation of the reviewFaculty of Dentistry, Universidad de ChileReview team members and their organisational affiliationsMiss Camila Corral Núñez

worker) 7. Diesel exhaust fumes 8. Free-based Cocaine 9. Floor sealant 10. Hydrochloric acid 11. Hydrogen Sulfide 12. Inhaled smoke fumes (e.g. firefighters, rescue workers) 13. Irritant dust (e.g. construction worker, rescue worker) 14. Phosgene 15. Phosphoric acid 16. Silicon 17. Silo gas 18. Sodium hydroxide 19. Sulfuric acid 20. Sulfur Dioxide (e.g. Coal-fired power plant) 21. Tear Gas

tribes in Morocco 3. Soviet Union 1. Lung Irritants against Kurdistan tribesman 4. Italy 1. Tear Gas, mustard against Abyssinia 6. World War II 1. Nazi Germany synthesized OrganophosphateNerve Agents 1. Tabun (GA) 2. Sarin (GB) 7. Post-World War II 1. 1963-1967 Egypt in Yemen War used

, the destination for which they have crossed continents, paid smugglers and traffickers, and endured so many hardships to reach. Refusal to accept French resettlement means accepting eviction, which has previously meant bulldozers, tear gas, and riot police. Can you picture riot police and water cannons chasing the homeless down London streets? Gas grenades thrown into shelters and hostels? To use such measures

on appearance, despite promises by French and English authorities to use established screening protocols; consequently, some were sent to reception centers as adults.Even in better times the Jungle was a makeshift shantytown of tarps, tents, and mud, alternately smelling of food cooked on open fires and tear gas used by French police to keep refugees inside the camp. Yet, as bad as it was, it provided