Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance not promote fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The emergence of drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) has made treatment challenging. Although fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as key drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the problem of FQs resistance is becoming increasingly serious. Rifampicin (RIF) resistance is considered a risk factor for FQs resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of RIF and isoniazid (INH) resistance on the FQs resistance in vitro experiment. FQs resistant strains were selected in vitro from RIF and/or INH resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.sm). The sequencing of the gyrA gene, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FQs (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Tuberculosis screening, isoniazid preventive therapy coverage and factors associated with active TB diagnosis among people living with HIV at public health facilities of central Ethiopia. TB is the most frequent opportunistic infection and cause of death among People living with HIV/AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals are routinely screened for tuberculosis as a means of monitoring efforts to mitigate the consequences of the disease on HIV-positive patients. TB status assessment identifies HIV-positive clients who show no evidence of active TB by symptom screening and would benefit from treatment with isoniazid for prevention of TB disease among HIV positives. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in public health facilities of West Shewa Zone from
High-Dose Isoniazid Lacks EARLY Bactericidal Activity Against Isoniazid-resistant Tuberculosis Mediated by katG Mutations: A Randomized, Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Observational studies suggest that high-dose isoniazid may be efficacious in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, its activity against () with mutations (which typically confer high-level resistance ) is not established. To characterize early bactericidal activity (EBA) of high-dose isoniazid in patients with tuberculosis caused by -mutated . A5312 was a Phase 2A randomized, open-label trial. Participants with tuberculosis caused by -mutated were randomized to receive 15 or 20 mg/kg isoniazid daily for 7 days. Daily sputum samples were collected for quantitative culture. Intensive PK sampling was performed
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampin and isoniazid among multidrug and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Traditionally, single critical concentrations of drugs are utilized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug susceptibility testing (DST); however, the level of drug resistance can impact treatment choices and outcomes. Mutations at the katG gene are the major genetic mutations in multidrug resistant (MDR) Mtb and usually associated with high level resistance. We assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDR or rifampin resistant (RR) and isoniazid (INH) resistant Mtb isolates to determine the quantification of drug resistance among key anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study was conducted on stored Mtb isolates collected as part
Isoniazid preventive therapy completion between July-September 2019: A comparison across HIV differentiated service delivery models in Uganda. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). To prevent TB among PLHIV, the Ugandan national guidelines recommend Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) across differentiated service delivery (DSD) models (TS), Katakwi Hospital (KH) and Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). We defined IPT completion as completing a course of isoniazid within 6-9 months. We utilized a modified Poisson regression to compare IPT completion across DSD models and determine factors associated with IPT completion in each DSD model. Data from 2968 PLHIV were reviewed (SRRH: 50.2%, TS: 25.8%, KH: 24.0%); females: 60.7
Isoniazid preventive therapy during infancy does not adversely affect growth among HIV-exposed uninfected children: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.
Risk factors for rifampicin-susceptible and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nanjing. Globally, Tuberculosis(TB) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly serious, especially the emergence of rifampicin-susceptible and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB), which increases the difficulty of treatment and the burden
Completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment with 300 mg vs. 100 mg isoniazid tablets: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Monotherapy with the drug isoniazid (INH) was for a long time the main therapeutic regimen used for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT). Research is progressing into the use of new therapeutic regimens that provide more complete TPT. The objective was to analyze
Safety of 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid TPT in child household contacts in a community-based intervention. BACKGROUNDThe WHO recommends shorter TB preventive treatment (TPT) regimens and decentralised delivery models to improve effectiveness. This study evaluated the safety of a 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid (3RH) regimen administered by community health workers (CHWs
Four months daily rifampicin versus three months daily rifampicin/isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis infection in asylum seekers: a randomized controlled trial. Treatment of tuberculosis infection is a core intervention of the TB elimination strategy. The World Health Organization recommends both four months of daily rifampicin (4R) and three months of daily isoniazid/rifampicin (3HR % CI: -0·09-0·13). Dropout rates due to side effects (25/113 in 4R vs 27/112 in 3HR) and the overall rate of adverse events (47/113 in 4R vs 36/112 in 3HR) were not statistically different in the two groups. Four months of rifampicin was not superior, in term of completion rate, to three months of isoniazid/rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis infectiosn among asylum seekers in Italy
Evaluation of High-Dose Isoniazid in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. High-dose isoniazid is recommended to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). Among 958 MDR TB isolates identified in France during 2008-2022, 93.1% exhibited high-level isoniazid resistance, and molecular testing showed limited diagnostic accuracy in predicting resistance. Clinicians should reconsider using high-dose isoniazid in MDR TB treatment because of suboptimal effect and toxicity concerns.
Alcohol use and HIV suppression after completion of financial incentives for alcohol abstinence and isoniazid adherence: a randomized controlled trial. In a recent randomized trial, six months of financial incentives contingent for recent alcohol abstinence led to lower levels of hazardous drinking, while incentives for recent isoniazid (INH) ingestion had no impact on INH adherence, during TB
Completion, Safety and Tolerability of Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine for Tuberculosis Infection by Children and Adolescents. Treating patients for tuberculosis (TB) infection prevents future cases and transmission. Long treatment regimens have been associated with low completion rates. We describe a 1-decade experience with treating children and adolescents for TB infection (TBI) with 3 months of once-weekly doses of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP). This was a retrospective review (2014-2024) of 2 to <21 year olds who received 3HP under directly observed therapy for TBI. We abstracted demographic data, testing methods and treatment course information. Our primary outcome was treatment completion; our secondary outcome was adverse events (AEs). Eight hundred two patients met inclusion
Uncovering the therapeutic potential of anti-tuberculoid agent Isoniazid in a model of microbial-driven Crohn's Disease. TNFα has long stood as a hallmark feature of both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis with its therapeutic potential demonstrated in neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatments such as Infliximab. Due to the high global burden of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infections, prior to receiving anti-TNF therapy, patients testing positive for latent TB are given prophylactic treatment with anti-tuberculoid medications including the first described TB-selective antibiotic, Isoniazid. While this is common clinical practice to prevent the emergence of TB, little is known about whether Isoniazid modifies intestinal inflammation alone. The aim of this study
One-year mortality of tuberculosis patients on isoniazid-based treatment and its association with rapid acetylator NAT2 genotypes. NAT2 polymorphisms affect isoniazid metabolism, but their effect on mortality among individuals with tuberculosis (TB) remains unclear. This study used data from two TB cohorts (2005-2011, 2014-2020) and death certificate records in Thailand. Newly diagnosed Thai individuals treated with isoniazid-containing regimens were included. NAT2 genotypes-rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator (RA, IA, SA)-were classified via haplotype inference. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality, while secondary outcomes included TB-related mortality, TB+respiratory disease-related mortality recorded in the vital registration system, and death as a TB treatment outcome
Lower Tuberculosis Incidence Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Completed Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Ukraine, a High-Burden Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Evidence shows that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces tuberculosis (TB) incidence among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with additive benefit beyond
Diagnostic performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 line probe assay for the detection of isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Isoniazid (INH) resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is the most common type of drug resistant TB, and is defined as M tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains resistant to INH but susceptible to rifampicin (RIF). Resistance to INH precedes RIF resistance in almost all multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases, across all MTBC lineages and in all settings. Therefore, early detection of Hr-TB is critical to ensure rapid initiation of appropriate treatment, and to prevent progression to MDR-TB. We assessed the performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 line probe assay (LPA) in detecting isoniazid resistance among MTBC clinical isolates
Isoniazid preventive therapy completion and factors associated with non-completion among patients on antiretroviral therapy at Kisenyi Health Centre IV, Kampala, Uganda. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is given to HIV patients to reduce the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). However, treatment completion remains suboptimal among those that are initiated. This study aimed to determine Poisson regression was conducted to determine the associated factors of IPT non-completion, while in-depth interviews were conducted to explore barriers to IPT completion from the patient's perspective. A total of 341 patients who started on isoniazid (INH) were retrospectively followed up, with 69% (236/341) being female. Overall IPT completion was 83%. Multivariate analysis revealed the prevalence
Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear. We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms. Controls (3HP or 9H) did not report flu-like reactions. We developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibodies against rifapentine, isoniazid
Genetic and clinical predictors of rifapentine and isoniazid pharmacokinetics in paediatrics with tuberculosis infection. Twelve weekly doses of rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP regimen) are recommended for TB preventive therapy in children with TB infection. However, they present with variability in the pharmacokinetic profiles. The current study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model of rifapentine and isoniazid in 12 children with TB infection using NONMEM. Ninety plasma and 41 urine samples were collected at Week 4 of treatment. Drug concentrations were measured using a validated HPLC-UV method. MassARRAY® SNP genotyping was used to investigate genetic factors, including P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), solute carrier organic anion transporter B1 (SLCO1B1), arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) and N