Comparative study of pharmacokinetics of two new fluoroquinolones, balofloxacin and grepafloxacin, in elderly subjects. Comparative pharmacokinetics and tolerability were studied in healthy elderly volunteers for two new fluoroquinolones, balofloxacin (Q-35) and grepafloxacin (OPC-17116), the main excretion routes being the renal and hepatic routes, respectively. Both agents were well tolerated in elderly subjects. In comparison with previously reported data from healthy younger adults, the absorption of balofloxacin was slightly delayed and urinary excretion was delayed and diminished. As a significant linear correlation was observed between renal clearance of balofloxacin and creatinine clearance, the delayed and diminished urinary recovery was attributed to the reduced renal function
Aquatic photochemistry of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: kinetics, pathways, and multivariate effects of main water constituents. The ubiquity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in surface waters urges insights into their fate in the aqueous euphotic zone. In this study, eight FQs (ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, levofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and balofloxacin ) were exposed to simulated sunlight, and their photodegradation was observed to follow apparent first-order kinetics. Based on the determined photolytic quantum yields, solar photodegradation half-lives for the FQs in pure water and at 45 degrees N latitude were calculated to range from 1.25 min for enrofloxacin to 58.0 min for balofloxacin, suggesting that FQs would intrinsically photodegrade fast
* norfloxacin * ofloxacin[88] * pefloxacin * rufloxacinA structurally related second-generation drug, but formally not a 4-quinolone, is enoxacin.[88]Third generation[edit]Unlike the first and second generations, the third generation is active against streptococci.[88] * balofloxacin * grepafloxacin * levofloxacin[88][89] * pazufloxacin * sparfloxacin[88][90] * temafloxacinA structurally related third