Efficacy and Safety of Cathine (Nor-Pseudoephedrine) in the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Dose-Finding Study To investigate the efficacy and safety of increasing doses of cathine (nor-pseudoephedrine) as a weight-lowering agent in patients with obesity. Overweight and obese patients (n = 241, mean BMI 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m²) were randomly allocated to one of three doses of cathine (16 mg, 32 mg , 53.3 mg) or placebo in addition to a multimodal lifestyle intervention program in a multicenter, double-blind, controlled, dose-finding study for 24 weeks. Primary outcome was weight loss. Treatment with the 3 doses of cathine resulted in a significantly greater weight loss compared to placebo over 24 weeks: 6.5 ± 4.2 kg for 16 mg cathine, 6.2 ± 4.7 kg for 32 mg cathine, and 9.1 ± 5.4 kg for 53.3 mg
Determination of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and cathine after therapeutic administration of pseudoephedrine-containing medications to healthy subjects: implications for doping control analysis of these stimulants banned in sport. Due to its stimulatory effects on the central nervous system, and its structural similarity to banned stimulants such as ephedrine and methamphetamine . The re-consideration of this position by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) List Expert Group has led to the reintroduction of PSE in the Prohibited List in 2010. In this manuscript, we present the results of two WADA-sponsored clinical studies on the urinary excretion of PSE and its metabolite cathine (CATH) following the oral administration of different PSE formulations to healthy individuals
in grading ecchymosis and edema (P < 0.001). The use of khat was associated with less tissue ecchymosis after oculoplastic surgery, although this was not statistically significant even following sub-population analysis. The outcome can be attributed to the active ingredients of cathinone and cathine, which cause vasoconstriction and lipolysis, and to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative flavonoids
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Catha edulis: A Comparative Analysis of Genome Features with Related Species Qat (, Celastraceae) is a woody evergreen species with great economic and cultural importance. It is cultivated for its stimulant alkaloids cathine and cathinone in East Africa and southwest Arabia. However, genome information, especially DNA sequence resources, for are limited
The Physiological and Ergogenic Effects of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) Extract. Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a natural psychoactive substance which contains two main addictive substances; Cathine and Cathinone. Khat is widely used in east Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula. Khat chewers believe that it improves work capacity and increases energy level and alertness. That is why we aimed . These findings support the prohibition of cathinone and cathine by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA, 2016).
as amphetamine-like effects. The main psychostimulant constituents of khat are the phenylpropylamino alkaloids: cathinone, cathine and norephedrine. In this study, simple procedures based on preparative HPLC and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) based methods were developed respectively for large scale isolation and the extraction of psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids; cathinone , cathine and norephedrine, from khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing leaves, a stimulant and drug of abuse plant. The three khat alkaloids were directly isolated from the crude oxalate salt by preparative HPLC-DAD method with purity > 98%. In addition, a modified (SALLE) method has been developed and evaluated for the extraction efficiency of psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids from khat (Catha edulis
liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). A significant decrease in the head-dipping behavior was noticed after administration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Khat extract. Moreover, the extract significantly decreased the immobility time in tail suspension and forced swim tests. The presence of cathinone and cathine were detected in the extract using LC-MS. The current results suggest that the extract of Khat leaves has acute antidepressant properties and may have sedative effects. Antidepressant-like activity of Khat established The extract decreased the immobility time in tail suspension and forced swim testsLiquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy data revealed the presence of cathinone and cathine in Khat extract. LC-MS: Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy; NIST: National institute
are attributed to the presence of phenylpropylamino alkaloids (i.e. cathinone, cathine and norephedrine), the extent of permeation of these alkaloids across the oral and intestinal mucosa has not been established. Cathinone was isolated in the form of the oxalate salt from young buds, following acid-base extraction. High performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) was used to isolate cathine and norephedrine, following borohydride reduction of a mixture of the three alkaloids. The in vitro permeability of these three alkaloids in their pure form, as well as in a crude extract, was evaluated across Caco-2 cell monolayers and across excised porcine intestinal, sublingual and buccal tissues. The purities of the isolated cathine and norephedrine were in excess of 90%, thereby proving that HPCCC can
The physiological and perceptual effects of plant extracts (Catha Edulis Forsk) during sustained exercise. Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) is a natural psychoactive substance that contains addictive substances such as Cathine and Cathinone which have similar structure and action to amphetamine. This substance has been suggested that it can decrease perceived exertion and thus improve performance multivariate Hotelling's T(2) was performed to test the significance of the mean vectors for the placebo group and the Khat group and found that groups are statistically significant. Khat showed a clear enhancing effect on physical performance. The most parsimonious explanation for this effect is that, like the related amphetamines, cathine/cathinone act as stimulants to increase the capacity to perform
Catha edulis (khat) Induces Apoptosis in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Cell Line Khat () is a controversial plant having a euphoretic effect, at the same time part of culture in many countries such as Africa and Arabian Peninsula. The presence of amphetamine-like substance, cathinone and cathine make this plant banned in many countries. Many neurological and other system related studies have been
of khat is primarily due to the presence of cathinone and cathine respectively. Studies have shown that khat chewing is closely associated with cardiac complications, especially myocardial infarction. Hence in this study, we exposed cathine-rich khat extract in a cardiomyoblast H9c2 (2-1) cell line to check the cell death mechanism. Extraction of Catha edulis leaves was done and the presence of cathine of ROS was detected at 24 and 48 hours treatment. Collectively, our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which Catha edulis leaves mediate cell death in cardiomyocytes. Catha edulis (Khat) is an evergreen psychotropic shrub or small treeExtraction of khat leaves was done and the presence of cathine was confirmed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometryThe khat extract
activity. After 1 week of khat abstinence, baseline CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 metabolic activities were determined in 40 Ethiopian male volunteers using 30 mg dextromethorphan (DM) as a probe drug and then repeated after 1 week of daily use of 400 g fresh khat leaves. Urinary concentrations of cathinone and cathine were determined to monitor the subjects' compliance to the study protocol. Genotyping for CYP2D6*3
Khat use in people living with HIV: a facility-based cross-sectional survey from South West Ethiopia. Khat is an evergreen plant with leaves containing the amphetamine-like compounds cathinone and cathine. Many people in the Horn of Africa use khat on a regular basis. Adverse health and social consequences of khat use have been described but little is known about the use of khat in people living
in the mornings, and only in the full squat exercise (4.4-8.7%; P < 0.05). PSE ingestion raised urine and plasma PSE concentrations (P < 0.05) regardless of time of day; however, cathine only increased in the urine samples. PSE ingestion resulted in positive tests occurring in 11% of samples, and it rose some adverse side effects such us tachycardia and heart palpitations. Ingestion of a single dose of 180 mg
to Arabian and East African countries, because only fresh leaves are active, but qat is now available in other parts of the world. Although cathine (norpseudoephedrine) is quantitatively the main alkaloid, the amfetamine-like euphorigenic and sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects of qat are primarily attributed to cathinone, a phenylalkylamine structurally similar to amfetamine, which degrades
, some patients report major improvement after including these leaves in the compressions they use after surgery. Khat contains the chemical ingredients Cathine and Cathinone, which are amphetamine-like alkaloids and probably the main contributors for its active effects. Our main goal is to use compressions that include the Khat leaves and check their effect on reducing the edema and hematomas after
(cathinone and cathine) and amphetamines, future studies examining these same domains of cognitive functioning in chronic khat users and abstinent khat users appears to be warranted, if possible using some of the same or similar laboratory measures.
Problems of the use of pseudoephedrine by athletes. Pseudoephedrine (PSE) as a sympathomimetic is an ingredient of many proprietary medicines which are available on the medical market over the counter (OTC drugs). It can be converted to cathine (CATH, norpseudoephedrine) inside the body. Until the end of 2003, PSE had been a banned substance in sport in case its urinary concentration was greater