Cilnidipine exerts antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the internalization and fusion of influenza A virus. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of seasonal and global pandemics, posing serious health risks. Repositioning approved drugs offers an efficient antiviral strategy, particularly as calcium (Ca⁺) is crucial for IAV infection, making Ca⁺ channel blockers (CCBs ) promising candidates for antiviral agents. The in vitro antiviral activity of cilnidipine was evaluated using MTT assays, qRT-PCR, plaque assays, and western blotting. Mechanistic studies involved time-of-addition, viral internalization, pseudovirus neutralization, and HA (hemagglutinin) syncytium assays. For in vivo analysis, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected to evaluate the effects of cilnidipine
A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Study for Assessment of Antihypertensive Effect of Telmisartan Versus Cilnidipine Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (START ABPM Study). The antihypertensive agent telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with a terminal elimination half-life of 24 h and has a high lipophilicity, thereby enhancing its bioavailability. Another antihypertensive agent, cilnidipine is a calcium antagonist and has dual mode of action on the calcium channels. This study aimed at determining effect of these drugs on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) levels. A randomized, open-label, single-center study was conducted during 2021 - 2022 on newly diagnosed adult patients with stage-I hypertension, in a mega city of India. Forty eligible patients were randomized
A Randomized Open-Label Parallel-Group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Cilnidipine and Amlodipine in Hypertensive Adults. Cilnidipine, an upcoming anti-hypertensive drug, is a combined L- and N-type calcium channel blocker. It is proposed to be more efficacious and safer due to its two-pronged approach in treating hypertension. The study was a randomized open-label parallel-group study, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College Hospital, Chennai, during the period September 2014 to May 2015. 50 patients were randomized to the amlodipine group and 50 to the cilnidipine group. The blood pressure, pulse rate and adverse effects were monitored in each patient over 12 weeks. The difference in the Systolic Blood Pressure(SBP), Diastolic Blood
Comparative effects of valsartan plus cilnidipine or hydrochlorothiazide on nocturnal home blood pressure. We tested our hypothesis that, in hypertensive patients with higher nocturnal home systolic blood pressure (HSBP) at baseline, a valsartan/cilnidipine (80/10 mg) combination would reduce nocturnal HSBP more markedly than a valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (80/12.5 mg) combination. Patients measured their nocturnal HSBP over three nights prior to study randomization and at the end of treatment. Sixty-three and 66 patients comprised the valsartan/cilnidipine and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide groups; their respective baseline nocturnal HSBP values were 124.3 ± 15.6 and 125.8 ± 15.2 mm Hg (P = .597). Nocturnal HSBPs were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups. Although
Gellan gum based gastroretentive tablets for bioavailability enhancement of cilnidipine in human volunteers. Cilnidipine, a fourth-generation both L-and N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) is safe and effective in lowering blood-pressure without reflex tachycardia compared to other dihydropyridine CCBs. However, its low solubility coupled with extensive first-pass metabolism results in very low oral bioavailability. Thus the study aimed to improve oral bioavailability of Cilnidipine by increasing its gastrointestinal transit-time and mucoadhesion. Gastroretentive tablets were prepared by direct-compression technique using gellan gum as hydrogel forming polymer and sodium bicarbonate as gas-generating agent. Statistical optimization was carried out by design approach which showed that gellan
An Open Label Prospective Study on Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Cilnidipine Over Amlodipine in Stage 1 Hypertensive Patients. Background Calcium channel blockers are considered the first line drug over renin-angiotensinaldosterone system inhibitor in black population and with renin-angiotensinaldosterone system inhibitor in non-black population with Hypertension. Amlodipine has longer biological half life and lower potential to stimulate SNS. But, is associated with reflex tachycardia and pedal oedema. Cilnidipine has potent inhibitory both on voltage gated L-type and N-type calcium channels with better anti-proteinuric effect and good tolerability. Hence, our study compared the efficacy, safety and compliance of cilnidipine over amlodipine in Stage 1 hypertensive subjects. Objective
An N-/L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker, Cilnidipine, Suppresses Autonomic, Electrical and Structural Remodeling Associated with Atrial Fibrillation. Autonomic dysfunction can promote atrial fibrillation (AF) and results from AF-related remodelling. N-type Ca2+-channels (NTCCs) at sympathetic nerve terminals mediate Ca2+-entry that triggers neurotransmitter release. AF-associated remodelling plays (7 days): (i) Shams, instrumented but without tachypacing (n = 5); (ii) a placebo group, tachypaced while receiving placebo (n = 6); (iii) a control tachypacing group receiving nifedipine (10 mg orally twice-daily; n = 5), an L-type CCB; and (iv) a cilnidipine group, subjected to tachypacing and treatment with cilnidipine (10 mg orally twice-daily; n = 7), an N-/L-type CCB. With cilnidipine therapy
Effects of Cilnidipine, an L/N-Type Calcium Channel Blocker, on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Japanese Post-Stroke Hypertensive Patients: Results from the CA-ATTEND Study Although several antihypertensive agents reduced the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), it remains unclear whether those agents affect the interadventitial diameter (IAD). We aimed to examine whether cilnidipine, an L/N-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the common carotid IMT or IAD in post-stroke hypertensive patients. The common carotid IMT and IAD were measured at the start of cilnidipine treatment and 12 months from that. The changes in the mean max-IMT or IAD between baseline and the 12-month follow-up were evaluated and compared between the thick group (max-IMT ≥1.1 mm) and the normal group (max-IMT ＜1.1 mm
Comparative effects of valsartan plus either cilnidipine or hydrochlorothiazide on home morning blood pressure surge evaluated by information and communication technology-based nocturnal home blood pressure monitoring. The authors tested the hypothesis that a valsartan/cilnidipine combination would suppress the home morning blood pressure (BP) surge (HMBPS) more effectively than a valsartan index, was defined as the mean morning SBP minus the mean nocturnal SBP, both measured on the same day. The authors randomly allocated 129 patients to the valsartan/cilnidipine (63 patients; mean 68.4 years) or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (66 patients; mean 67.3 years) combination groups, and the baseline HMBPS values were 17.4 mm Hg vs 16.9 mm Hg, respectively (P = .820). At the end
Effects of Cilnidipine on Heart Rate and Uric Acid Metabolism in Patients With Essential Hypertension. The relation between hypertension and hyperuricemia has been established by epidemiological studies. Calcium channel blockers are one of the first-line drugs for newly diagnosed patients with essential hypertension. Cilnidipine is a new calcium channel blocker acting by blocking both L- and N -type calcium channels. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of amlodipine and cilnidipine in patients with essential hypertension and their effects on heart rate and serum uric acid levels. Out of 100 enrolled patients, 92 completed the study. They were randomly assigned to amlodipine (N = 47) and cilnidipine (N = 45) groups. Cilnidipine was started at 10 mg/day and then adjusted
Comparison of Plasma Levels of Renin, Vasopressin and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Hypertensive Amlodipine Induced Pedal Oedema, Non-Oedema and Cilnidipine Treated Patients Amlodipine is a third generation dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blocker and having an excellent antihypertensive profile. Pedal Oedema (PE) is the major drawback of amlodipine therapy and the incidence of Amlodipine Induced Pedal Oedema (AIPE) has been found significantly high. Several neurohumoral factors influence the incidence of oedema. We aimed to compare the plasma levels of renin, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive AIPE, non-oedema and cilnidipine treated patients. The present prospective, interventional study was conducted on 104 mild to moderate hypertensive patients (52
A Comparative Study on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Amlodipine and Cilnidipine Treated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension is a major health issue worldwide. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are the most commonly used antihypertensive agents. CCBs act on voltage-dependent calcium channels and they were categorized into two subclasses, Dihydropyridine (DHP) and non-Dihydropyridine (non -DHP) derivative. Amlodipine is a third generation L-type of DHP and Cilnidipine is a novel L/N-type of DHP CCB, both drugs have excellent pharmacological profiles with the unique actions. To study the clinical and biochemical profile in Amlodipine and Cilnidipine treated mild to moderate hypertensive patients. The present study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 140 mild to moderate
Effectiveness of Cilnidipine versus Other Anti-Hypertensives on Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews Print | PDFEffectiveness of Cilnidipine versus Other Anti-Hypertensives on Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension content. Therefore, automatically published records should be treated as any other PROSPERO registration. Further detail is provided here.CitationMehul Saxena, Jay Tewari, Shubhajeet Roy, Anadika Rana, Ajoy Tewari, Khalid Qidwai, Kartikeya Tripathi. Effectiveness of Cilnidipine versus Other Anti-Hypertensives on Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Systematic
Safety and efficacy of cilnidipine when compared to amlodipine in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews Print | PDFSafety and efficacy of cilnidipine when compared to amlodipine in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysisAntriya Annie Tom, Christy Thomas, Archa S Nair, Sona registration. Further detail is provided here.CitationAntriya Annie Tom, Christy Thomas, Archa S Nair, Sona Vincent, Shefin Mytheen, Anakha Shaji. Safety and efficacy of cilnidipine when compared to amlodipine in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024501516 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024501516Review
Efficacy and safety of Cilnidipine compared to Amlodipine in treating proteinuria in hypertensive patients: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews Print | PDF PROSPERO This information has been provided by the named contact for this review. CRD has accepted this information in good faith and registered the review in PROSPERO
Serum Triglyceride Lowering Effect of Cilnidipine in Patients With Essential Hypertension Many epidemiological studies have established the relationship between hypertension and dyslipidemia. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are one of the first-line drugs for newly diagnosed patients with essential hypertension. Cilnidipine as a newer CCB acting by blocking both L- and N-type calcium channels possesses additional beneficial effects apart from lowering blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cilnidipine in patients with essential hypertension with borderline dyslipidemia and its effects on lipid profile. Out of 45 enrolled patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, only 37 completed the study. Cilnidipine was started at 10 mg/day, and then adjusted
Comparison of the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of the L/N-type calcium channel blocker, cilnidipine, in adriamycin-treated spontaneously-hypertensive rats Cilnidipine is an L/N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB). The effects of cilnidipine on N-type channels give it unique organ-protective properties via the suppression of hyperactivity in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS ) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). In the present study, we compared the effects of cilnidipine and amlodipine (an L-type CCB) on cardiac and renal functions in spontaneously-hypertensive rats injected with adriamycin (ADR). After the weekly administration of ADR for 3 weeks, spontaneously-hypertensive rats were orally administered cilnidipine (20 mg/kg per day), amlodipine (3 mg/kg per day
An Open Label Parallel Group Study to Assess the Effects of Amlodipine and Cilnidipine on Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Pressures in Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, which affects both large and small arteries. Because of the associated morbidity and mortality and the cost to society, it is an important public health challenge. Population based studies have reported that large artery stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular events and mortality in general population and in patients with hypertension. This study was designed to compare the effects of 8 weeks blood pressure control using Amlodepine and cilnidipine on haemodynamic parameters and vascular indices in mild to moderate hypertensive patients
Reduction of microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetes mellitus with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor alone and with cilnidipine. The aim of our study was to find out the antiproteinuric effect of enalapril angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor) alone or in combination with cilnidipine in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted on 71 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria. They were divided into two groups randomly as follows: Group I (enalaprilalone, n = 36) and Group II (enalapril with cilnidipine, n = 35). In both the groups, baseline 24 h urinary albumin was estimated and was repeated every 3 months upto 1-year. After 1-year follow-up, reduction in microalbuminuria was found to be greater in Group II. In Group I
Study of BP reducing potential and renoprotective action of cilnidipine among hypertensive patients suffering from chronic kidney disease PROSPEROInternational prospective register of systematic reviews Print | PDFStudy of BP reducing potential and renoprotective action of cilnidipine among hypertensive patients suffering from chronic kidney diseaseKusum Kumari, Ritesh KumarCitationKusum Kumari , Ritesh Kumar. Study of BP reducing potential and renoprotective action of cilnidipine among hypertensive patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023395224 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023395224Review questionHow much decrease in mean BP (blood pressure), takes place by cilnidipine in adult hypertensive patients with CKD