"Coinfection"

Omicron vs. the rest: Assessing the competitive dynamics and coinfection scenarios of COVID-19 strains on a social network. The rapid spread and evolving nature of COVID-19 variants have raised concerns regarding their competitive dynamics and coinfection scenarios. In this study, we assess the competitive interactions between the Omicron variant and other prominent variants (Alpha, Beta and Delta) on a social network, considering both single infection and coinfection states. Using the SIRS model, we simulate the progression of these variants and analyze their impact on infection rates, mortality and overall disease burden. Our findings demonstrate that the Alpha and Beta strains exhibit comparable contagion levels, with the Alpha strain displaying higher infection and mortality rates

Hepatitis B and C viral coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinics of Afar regional state, northeast Ethiopia. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) coinfection are the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The burden of hepatitis among HIV-positive individuals has not been studied in the Afar region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients in Afar Regional State, northeast Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 477 HIV-positive patients between February 2019 and May 2019. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data

SARS-CoV-2 coinfections among pertussis cases identified through the Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance system in the United States, January 2020-February 2023. Bacterial and viral respiratory coinfections are common, but the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis cases has not been estimated. We examine the prevalence and temporality of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis patients and describe pertussis clinical severity among patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 coinfections. Confirmed and probable pertussis cases among individuals with cough onset between January 1, 2020 and February 15, 2023 were identified through surveillance in seven Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) sites. Pertussis cases with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection detected within 30 days before

Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: progress and challenges towards reducing incidence and mortality. HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) is associated with disproportionate mortality: approximately 24% of the 660,000 individuals with TB and HIV died, compared to 11% in those without HIV dying from TB in 2023. HIV is a key driver of ongoing high TB incidence in many countries, particularly

Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Coinfection on Clinical Severity and Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Soweto, South Africa. No data are available regarding the interplay and clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS -CoV-2) coinfection in African children. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between RSV-only, SARS-CoV-2-only and RSV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in hospitalized African children. Prospective surveillance of children (0-59 months) hospitalized with severe LRTI was undertaken between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2023, in Johannesburg, South Africa

Liver Transplantation For HDV/HBV Coinfection In Italy: An Intention-To-Treat Analysis Of Long-Term Outcomes. Patients with HDV/HBV-related end-stage liver disease candidates for liver transplantation(LT) have traditionally been regarded as a special population, although their outcomes are controversial. A intention-to-treat(ITT) analysis of long-term outcomes of HDV/HBV-coinfected patients waitlisted for LT in Italy, between 2011-2020, was performed and compared to HBV-monoinfected LT candidates. Out of 1,731 HBV-infected LT candidates, 1,237(71.5%) had HBV-monoinfection and 494(28.5%) HDV/HBV-coinfection. At listing, HDV/HBV-coinfected patients were significantly younger, listed mainly for decompensated cirrhosis, and with less hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC:26% vs 65.8%,P<0.0001) compared

High bacterial coinfection rates and associated mortality among hospitalized older adults with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection. Emerging evidence highlights that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant risk to older adults. However, detailed clinical data on elderly patients hospitalized with RSV remains limited. This study investigates the clinical higher rates of comorbidities, particularly chronic lung disease (66.7 % vs. 12.5 %, p = 0.002), higher disease severity, elevated procalcitonin levels, and were more likely to develop septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A bacterial coinfection rate of 33.3 % was observed, with patients experiencing pneumonia or bacterial coinfection showing poorer outcomes. Moreover, patients

Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control. Since SARS-CoV-2 has caused unprecedented changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, investigations on coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and one of the famous vector-borne diseases, malaria, are crucial for disease control, especially in malaria-endemic areas. The clinical profiles, possible mechanisms for interactions, and representative control measures of COVID-19 and malaria coinfections have recently garnered public attention. The overlap in epidemiology, infection incubation, and clinical symptoms between COVID-19 and malaria coinfections has been thoroughly discussed to provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for coinfections, thereby guiding appropriate clinical

The added value of diagnostics to characterize age-specific patterns of respiratory viral infections and coinfections and to detect emerging threats. Pandemic restrictions caused variation in respiratory virus circulation until the winter of 2022/23. The aim of this study was to monitor respiratory virus cases in the 2023/24 epidemic season. Children and adults attending Sapienza University and HRV cocirculate in winter; HRV cases also occur in spring, along with Influenza B (IBV) and other viruses. Despite circulating in the same weeks, the number of observed coinfections was much lower than that predicted for IAV and RSV (p <.0001) and lower also for the IAV/IBV, IBV/RSV and RSV/HRV pairs (p <.0001, p =.0059, p =.015, respectively). IAV and RSV cocirculated with different patterns

Incidence of death and its predictors among TB/HIV coinfected adult patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy at Gambelia referral hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022. In patients who have tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus, Tuberculosis is the most prevalent opportunistic illness and the main cause of death. However, little is currently, the time to death and its predictors are known, particularly among individuals with coinfection in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed fill this gap in the region. To assess the incidence of death and its predictors among tuberculosis patients and humans immunodeficiency virus coinfected adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Gambella Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022. This Retrospective cohort study

Evidence of Submicroscopic Malaria Parasitemia, Soil-Transmitted Helminths, and Their Coinfections Among Forest-Fringed Orang Asli Communities in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia's malaria rate has declined but remains a public health concern, with limited investigations into malaria and coinfections with soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling 61.7% in higher-income households; P = 0.002). Submicroscopic malaria parasitemia and STH coinfections were present in 8.9% of participants, with higher rates in low-income households (12.6% versus 5.2% in higher-income, P = 0.010). The Negrito tribe exhibited the highest prevalence of submicroscopic malaria parasitemia, STH, and coinfections (P <0.05). This study highlights the need for integrated

Trends in hepatitis C virus coinfection and its cascade of care among adults living with HIV in Asia between 2010 and 2020. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Cascades of HCV care support monitoring of program performance, but data from Asia are limited. We assessed regional HCV coinfection and cascade

Molecular confirmation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfections among initially serologically dually-reactive samples from patients living in West Africa. This study aimed to confirm the co-infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2, among West African patients using in-house HIV type/group enzyme-immuno assays and molecular diagnosis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 2016 to October 2017 were dually-reactive. The HIV-GSEIA performed on these 80 serum samples retrieve one 61 HIV-1/HIV-2 dually-reactive samples. HIV-1 and HIV-2 DNA PCR were performed on 54 of the 61 HIV-1/HIV-2 dually-reactive samples and 46 out of 61 (75.4%) samples were found HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfected. The contribution of type/group specific enzyme-immuno assay to accurately identify HIV-1/HIV-2 coinfections remain

Best practice guidelines for professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: A scoping review. Adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection require professional nurses' support to manage their illness, treatment and its effect on their daily lives. This scoping review maps recommendations in clinical or best practice guidelines that guide professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in primary healthcare settings. We conducted a scoping review by searching for guidelines in six online databases, guideline clearing houses and search engines from 16th April 2022 to 25th May 2022. The title, abstract and full-text

Hepatitis B care cascade among people with HIV/HBV coinfection in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design, 2012-2016. A care cascade is a critical tool for evaluating delivery of care for chronic infections across sequential stages, starting with diagnosis and ending with viral suppression. However, there have been few data describing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) care cascade among people living with HIV infection who have HBV coinfection. We conducted a cross-sectional study among people living with HIV and HBV coinfection receiving care between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 within 13 United States and Canadian clinical cohorts contributing data to the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). We evaluated each of the steps

Clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients in China. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, Patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are more likely to develop end-stage liver disease (ESLD) than those infected with HBV alone. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) of HIV-HBV coinfected patients in China. We conducted a retrospective analysis on all HIV-HBV coinfected patients that underwent OLT from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 and their outcomes were compared

Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses. Coinfection with multiple viruses is a common phenomenon in clinical settings and is a crucial driver of viral evolution. Although numerous studies have demonstrated viral recombination arising from coinfections of different strains of a specific species, the role of coinfections of different species or genera during viral evolution is rarely investigated. Here, we analyzed coinfections of and recombination events between four different swine enteric coronaviruses that infect the jejunum and ileum in pigs, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and a deltacoronavirus, porcine

Circulating HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen trajectories in persons with HIV/HBV coinfection and HBsAg loss on tenofovir therapy. We evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)-RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. We

Uncovering the Bronchoalveolar Single-Cell Landscape of Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection. Coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the most significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). The immune responses of the lung are essential to restrict the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avoid the emergence of the disease. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge about the local immune response in people with HIV-1-TB coinfection. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 9 individuals with HIV-1-TB coinfection and 10 with pulmonary TB. A total of 19 058 cells were grouped into 4 major cell types: myeloid cells, T/natural killer (NK) cells, B cells

HIV coinfection exacerbates HBV-induced liver fibrogenesis through a HIF-1α- and TGF-β1-dependent pathway. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection coinfected with HIV experience accelerated progression of liver fibrosis compared to those with HBV mono-infection. We hypothesize that HIV and its proteins promote HBV-induced liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV coinfected cell culture models fibrogenesis through the SMAD signaling pathway. HIF-1α siRNA transfection or the HIF-1α inhibitor (Acriflavine) blocked HIV, HBV, and the TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic response. Our findings suggest that HIV coinfection exacerbates HBV-induced liver fibrogenesis through enhancement of the positive feedback between HIF-1α and TGF-β1 through CCR5/CXCR4. HIF-1α represents a novel target for antifibrotic