Two missense mutations in SALL4 in a patient with microphthalmia, coloboma, and opticnerve hypoplasia To investigate the genetic etiology of anophthalmia and microphthalmia, we used exome sequencing in a Caucasian female with unilateral microphthalmia and coloboma, bilateral opticnerve hypoplasia, ventricular and atrial septal defects, and growth delays. We found two sequence variants in SALL4
abnormalities, persistent fetal retinal vessels, exophthalmos, coloboma, and opticnerve atrophy. These abnormalities are rare and occur in 7% to 10% of patients.[58]A retrospective review identified midline rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas and chin hamartomas in a small number of children with PHACE or LUMBAR syndrome.[59] These are not currently included as minor criteria.Diagnosis of PHACE syndrome
Coloboma of opticnerve with overlay of peripapillary retina. An eye that had the clinical appearance of a tumour of the nerve head was found on histological examination to have a congenitally large scleral canal with secondary buckling of the overlying retina.