"Difloxacin"

Rapid and Simple Determination of Sarafloxacin and Difloxacin in Beef by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Solid-Phase Extraction A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with diode array detector was developed for determination of sarafloxacin and difloxacin in beef. In this study, the experimental parameters affecting the determination were systematically optimized, including wavelength, buffer system, pH and concentration, and separation temperature and voltage. Under the optimal conditions, sarafloxacin and difloxacin could be quantified within 4 min using HBO/NaBO buffer (35 mmol/L, pH 8.8) as background electrolyte, 25 kV as separation voltage, and 22°C as the column temperature. The linear range of the method was 1-20 g/mL with LOD 0.8 g/mL for sarafloxacin and 0.5-20 g/mL

(IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the ICSAs were 2.5 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivity (CR) of the MBF ICSAs to Ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NOR), and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) were 60.98%, 32.05%, 22.94%, and 23.58%, respectively. The CR for difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SAR) was less than 0.1%. The recovery rates of MBF in spiked beef samples ranged

), pleuromutilins (with MIC values of 0.078 μg/ml and ≤0.039 μg/ml for tiamulin and valnemulin) and the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin (MIC 1 μg/ml (0.333/0.667 μg/ml)) were found to be the most effective antibiotic agents against M. synoviae in vitro. High MIC values were detected in numerous strains for fluoroquinolones (with MIC values of 1.25 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml for enrofloxacin and difloxacin

DOM-mediated membrane retention of fluoroquinolone as revealed by fluorescence quenching properties In this study, membrane filtration tests showed that the membrane rejection degree of difloxacin hydrochloride (DFHC) increased significantly in the presence of Suwannee River DOM or Aldrich humic acid (2-10 mg-C/L). Titration experiments showed that the excitation and emission of Peak R belonging

mechanisms of resistance. Three fluoroquinolones, difloxacin (DIF), enrofloxacin (ENR), and marbofloxacin (MAR), at five dose levels and 3 days of treatment were simulated. Bacterial killing-regrowth kinetics and emergence of resistant bacteria after antibacterial drug exposure were quantified. PK/PD indices associated with different levels of antibacterial activity were computed. Mechanisms

susceptibility to thirteen different antibiotics and an antibiotic combination of thirty-eight M. sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese and a duck in several parts of Hungary, Central Europe between 2011 and 2015. High MIC50 values were observed in the cases of tilmicosin (>64 μg/ml), oxytetracycline (64 μg/ml), norfloxacin (>10 μg/ml) and difloxacin (10 μg/ml). The examined strains yielded the same MIC50

Direct Photolysis of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics at 253.7 nm: Specific Reaction Kinetics and Formation of Equally Potent Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Three fluoroquinolone-to-fluoroquinolone antibiotic transformations were monitored during UV-C irradiation processes. In particular, the following reactions were observed: enrofloxacin-to-ciprofloxacin, difloxacin-to-sarafloxacin, and pefloxacin using an Escherichia coli-based assay. UV treatment of a solution containing difloxacin was found to increase antimicrobial activity due to formation of sarafloxacin. These results highlight the importance of considering antibiotic-to-antibiotic transformations in UV-based processes.

), ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, sarafloxacin, pefloxacin, and norfloxacin were 5.0, 8.3, 9.7, 21.7, 36.0, and 63.7 ng/mL, respectively. The lowest detectable level of ENR was 0.7 ng/mL in the prepared ELISA system. To validate the developed ELISA in the food matrix, known amounts of ENR were spiked in meat and egg samples at 10, 20 and 30 ng/mL. Recoveries for ENR ranged from 72.9 to 113.16% with a coefficient

Comparative activities of selected fluoroquinolones against dynamic populations of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an in vitro model of time-kill continuous culture experiment. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate and compare the impact of different pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin on their antimicrobial effects, their killing and re-growth kinetics effect) revealed strain- and fluoroquinolone-specific effects. For example, a 31% lower I(E) of difloxacin was observed in AppK5 (biofilm-former) than in AppK2 (biofilm-non-former) at the same AUC(24)/MIC ratio of 120 h. In addition, losses in A. pleuropneumoniae susceptibility of both strains by the three fluoroquinolones were observed. AUC(24)/MPC ratios of 20.89 and 39.81 for marbofloxacin, 17.32

Efficacy of difloxacin against respiratory infections of lambs.

Comparison of fluoroquinolone pharmacokinetic parameters after treatment with marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin in dogs. Plasma, urine, and skin drug concentrations were determined for dogs (n=12) given five daily oral doses of marbofloxacin (MAR) (2.75 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (ENR) (5.0 mg/kg) or difloxacin (DIF) (5.0 mg/kg). Concentrations of the active metabolite of ENR, ciprofloxacin

of pradofloxacin, marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and ibafloxacin were determined according to standardized agar dilution methodology. Pradofloxacin exerted the greatest antibacterial activity followed by marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and ibafloxacin. Based on the distinctly lower MIC(50), MIC(90) and mode MIC values, pradofloxacin exhibited a higher in vitro activity than any of the comparator

in companion-animal medicine, amounted to 0.2 to 0.225 and 0.30 to 0.35 microg/ml, respectively. MPCs of other veterinary FQs were assessed to determine relative in vitro potencies. The MPCs of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, sarafloxacin, orbifloxacin, and difloxacin were 1.2-, 1.4-, 2.3-, 2.4-, 5-, and 7-fold higher than the MPC of PRA for E. coli ATCC 8739, and 6-, 6-, 19-, 15-, 15-, and 31

Prevalence and subtypes of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp. in commercial poultry flocks before, during, and after treatment with fluoroquinolones. Five commercial broiler chicken flocks were treated with either difloxacin or enrofloxacin for a clinically relevant infection, as instructed by a veterinarian. Campylobacters were isolated from individual fecal samples and from samples

‡ Veterinary * Danofloxacin * Difloxacin * Enrofloxacin

‡ Veterinary * Danofloxacin * Difloxacin * Enrofloxacin

‡ Veterinary * Danofloxacin * Difloxacin * Enrofloxacin

for difloxacin (partition coefficient, 3.093) and sparfloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.431), and 8- to 16-fold for norfloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.059) and ciprofloxacin (partition coefficient, 0.056). Thus, we hypothetize that in quinolone-selected strains, increased amounts of lipopolysaccharide form a permeability barrier that acts preferentially against hydrophilic quinolones.

Comparison of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare strains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), patients without AIDS, and animal sources. Difloxacin, A-56620, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cephapirin, SK&F 88070, and spectinomycin were used to compare the in vitro susceptibilities of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellular isolates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), patients without AIDS, and diseased animals. Against the isolates from humans without AIDS, the quinolone compounds difloxacin and A-56620 were found to be the most effective, each inhibiting 50% of strains at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. The remaining antimicrobial agents had MICs for 50% of strains tested of at least 32