Drowning Skip to main contentSkip to searchLog inEnglish#{autosuggest.search}#{autosuggest.search}Drowning MENULog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best PracticeLast reviewed:31 Dec 2023Last updated:24 Jan 2024SummaryDrowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. Outcomes are classified as death, survival with morbidity , and survival with no morbidity.Drowning is a leading cause of injury and death among young people.It has been estimated that 80% to 90% of all drownings are preventable.Hypoxaemia is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, and its reversal must remain the focus of treatment.The 'Drowning Chain of Survival' refers to a series of interventions that, when put into action by laypersons or professionals
2024 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Special Circumstances: Resuscitation Following Drowning: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovas 2021 2023 4000 8000 Drowning is the third leading cause of death from unintentional injury worldwide, accounting for 7% all injury-related deaths. The World Health Organization estimates that there are ≈236 000 deaths due to drowning worldwide each year. Significant efforts have focused on creating systems prevent drowning, but an average fatal and nonfatal drownings still occur annually in United States-likely underestimate. generally progresses initial respiratory arrest submersion-related hypoxia cardiac arrest; thus, it can
Drowning ' Emergency management in children Skip to main contentSkip to main navigationSearchMenuChildren's Health QueenslandQueensland paediatric clinical guidelinesDrowning – Emergency management in childrenOn this pageView resourcesKey pointsPurposeIntroductionAssessmentInvestigationsManagementEscalation and advice outside of EDDispositionRelated documentsView resourcesEmergency management flowchart [PDF 509.55 KB] - 1 pageNotification form [DOC 295 KB] - 2 pagesKey pointsChildren should be observed for four to eight hours following a drowning event, even if asymptomaticHypothermia is common post drowning and should be corrected during resuscitation by removing wet clothes and applying warm blankets. In Queensland active warming measures are rarely needed and hyperthermic should
Resuscitation in Drowning ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.2 November 2021 Page 1 of 8 ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.2 – Resuscitation in Drowning Summary Who does this guideline apply to? This guideline applies to adults, children, and infants. Who is the audience for this guideline? This guideline is for use by bystanders, first aiders, and first aid training providers. Summary of Recommendations The Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation (ANZCOR) makes the following recommendations in managing those who are drowning: 1. If the person is not out of the water, only attempt a rescue if it is safe to do so; rescue from land or craft is safest [Good Practice Statement] 2. All drowning persons who are out of the water and unresponsive should be assessed on their back
The Danish Drowning Cohort: Utstein-style data from fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark. Effective interventions to reduce drowning incidents require accurate and reliable data for scientific analysis. However, the lack of high-quality evidence and the variability in drowning terminology, definitions, and outcomes present significant challenges in assessing studies to inform drowning guidelines. Many drowning reports use inappropriate classifications for drowning incidents, which significantly contributes to the underreporting of drowning. In particular, non-fatal drowning incidents are underreported because many countries do not routinely collect this data. The Danish Drowning Cohort was established in 2016 to facilitate research to improve preventative, rescue
WHO Guideline on the prevention of drowning through provision of day-care and basic swimming and water safety skills WHO Guideline on the prevention of drowning through provision of day-care, and basic swimming and water safety skillsWHO Guideline on the prevention of drowning through provision of day-care, and basic swimming and water safety skillsiiWHO Guideline on the prevention of drowning the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/).Suggested citation. WHO Guideline on the prevention of drowning through provision of day-care and basic swimming and water safety skills. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data
Impact of lifeguard oxygen therapy on the resuscitation of drowning victims: Results from an Utstein Style for Drowning Study. No published evidence was identified regarding the use of oxygen in the treatment of drowning in two recent systematic reviews. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of on scene, pre-Emergency Medical Services (EMS) oxygen therapy by lifeguards in the resuscitation of drowning victims. We conducted a retrospective case match analysis of drowning patients presenting to the EDs of Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service. Patients were matched for age, sex and severity of drowning injury. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by EMS and the ED, as well as admission to the Intensive
Rate of Aquatic and Maritime Drowning Deaths After US-Mexico Border Wall Height Increase. This study assessed migratory drowning deaths along the southwest border of the US before and after the increase in border wall height.
Drowning prevention challenges and opportunities: An exploratory study of perspectives of delegates from ASEAN nations. The South East Asian region has the world's second highest fatal drowning burden. This study reports analysis of survey data from representatives from nations within the Association of South East Asian Nations regarding current efforts, challenges and future opportunities for drowning prevention. Twenty-two responses were received from respondents from all ASEAN nations excepting Cambodia and Myanmar. Drowning prevention initiatives varied across ASEAN nations, with most efforts focused on public education and raising awareness, including the provision of drowning data to the media. The lack of comprehensive, national level data collection was identified as a challenge
Climate change: A pointer to increased small-scale fisher drowning deaths. Drowning is an overlooked public health concern and drowning risk is dependent on environmental risk factors. The preponderance of drowning deaths occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Small-scale fishers face high occupational risk of drowning. Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of storms, thereby exacerbating fishers' risks and creating a need to examine the contribution of storms to fisher drowning deaths for the development of mitigation strategies. We examined this relationship between weather and fisher drowning deaths in Lake Victoria, which is Africa's largest lake, a site of high fishing pressure, and where climate change is predicted to increase thunderstorms. We conducted a verbal autopsy
Drowning in the United States: Patient and Scene Characteristics using the novel CARES Drowning Variables. Drowning results in more than 360,000 deaths annually, making it the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide. Prior studies examining drowning internationally have reviewed factors surrounding drowning however in the U.S. limited data exists. This study evaluated the novel drowning elements collected in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) during the first 2 years of data collection. A retrospective analysis of the CARES database identified cases of drowning etiology for the two years 2020 and 2021. Demographics and incident characteristics were collected. Characteristics included items such as body of water, precipitating event, and who extracted
Danish Drowning Formula for identification of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from drowning. Accurate, reliable, and sufficient data is required to reduce the burden of drowning by targeting preventive measures and improving treatment. Today's drowning statistics are informed by various methods sometimes based on data sources with questionable reliability. These methods are likely responsible for a systematic and significant underreporting of drowning. This study's aim was to assess the 30-day survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) identified in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (DCAR) after applying the Danish Drowning Formula. This nationwide, cohort, registry-based study with 30-day follow-up used the Danish Drowning Formula to identify drowning-related OHCA
The role of accidental hypothermia in drowning patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide registry-based cohort study. This study aimed to investigate the associations between hypothermia and mortality or poor neurological outcome in a nationwide cohort of drowning patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This nationwide, registry-based cohort study reported in-hospital data on drowning patients with OHCA following the Utstein Style For Drowning. Drowning patients with OHCA were identified in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry from 2016 to 2021. The primary outcome was the rate of mortality or poor neurological outcome (corresponding to a modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score>3) at 180 days after the drowning incident in patients with OHCA and accidental
Pediatric Drowning and Prehospital Predictors of Critical Illness in the United States. Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death for US children. The study objectives are to describe the characteristics of pediatric drowning patients receiving emergency medical services (EMS) care in the United States and to identify patient-specific and incident-specific variables associated with critical illness after drowning. This is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System database. Children below 19 years old with international classification of diseases 10 external cause of injury (E-codes) for drowning were included. Critical illness was defined as a recorded Glasgow Coma Scale score <9 at any time during EMS care. We performed
Criteria for early discharge of drowning patients from the emergency department. Clinical factors previously shown to independently predict safe discharge were applied at ED presentation to determine whether we could identify a group of drowning patients who do not require treatment and are thus safe for rapid discharge. We conducted a retrospective study of drowning presentations to EDs for oxygen or other ventilatory assistance from Emergency Medical Services. Primary outcome was the requirement for treatment (oxygen, ventilation or airway intervention). Five hundred and seventy-seven drowning presentations were included. Two hundred and fifty-five (44.2%) patients met RDC at ED presentation. Patients meeting RDC were more likely to be younger (median 9 years, IQR 3-21 vs 20 years, IQR 4
Beneath the Surface: A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Drowning Trends & Risk Factors in Quebec. Despite the known importance of water safety, and recent efforts to enact pool safety legislation, drowning remains a leading cause of unintentional injury death in Canada. To date, little is known about the rates of pediatric drownings in Québec, the severity of these drownings, and the trends associated with the adoption of provincial regulations of pool enclosures - legislation which has been delayed twice, and remains to be fully enacted. This study aims to assess these knowledge gaps. Retrospective observational study of all provincial pediatric drownings from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. Three databases were accessed and subsequently analysed using descriptive statistics
Prehospital and Resuscitation Factors Associated With Favorable Pediatric Drowning Outcomes. Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury death in children in the United States. There is a need to identify prehospital factors that affect drowning outcomes. We sought to study prehospital and resuscitation factors associated with favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge among pediatric drowning patients. This was a retrospective study of drowning patients younger than 18 years in an urban area from 2010 to 2017. Submersion, prehospital, and patient data were obtained from hospital, Emergency Medical Services, and fatality records. The outcome was classified as favorable or poor neurological status at hospital discharge based on the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC). Logistic
DrowningDrowning - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best PracticeSkip to main contentSkip to search * About us * Help * Subscribe * Access through your institution * Log inBMJ Best Practice * Help * Getting started * FAQs * Contact us * Recent updates * Specialties * Calculators * Patient leaflets * Videos * Evidence * Drugs * Recent updates * Specialties * Calculators * Images and videos * References Log in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best PracticeLast reviewed: 13 Jun 2022Last updated: 13 Jul 2021SummaryDrowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid.Drowning is a leading cause of injury and death among young people.It has been estimated that 80% to 90% of all drownings
Development and validation of a clinico-biological score to predict outcomes in patients with drowning-associated cardiac arrest. While several scoring systems have been developed to predict short-term outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, there is currently no dedicated prognostic tool for drowning-associated cardiac arrest (DACA) patients. Patients experiencing DACA from two retrospective multicenter cohorts of drowning patients were included in the present study. Among the patients from the development cohort, risk-factors for day-28 mortality were assessed by logistic regression. A prediction score was conceived and assessed in patients from the validation cohort. Among the 103 included patients from the development cohort, the day-28 mortality rate reached 51% (53/103
A systemic infection involved in lung, brain and spine caused by Scedosporium apiospermum species complex after near-drowning: a case report and literature review. Scedosporium apiospermum species complex are widely distributed fungi that can be found in a variety of polluted environments, including soil, sewage, and decaying vegetation. Those opportunistic pathogens with strong potential with persistent fever and systemtic infection after near-drowning. In the two tertiary hospitals he visited, definite diagnosis was extremely difficult. After being admitted to our hospital, he was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis infection, before diagnosis of S. apiospermum species complex infection by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing. His symptoms were alleviated after voriconazole treatment