"Drug metabolism"

Pharmacogenomics of poor drug metabolism in greyhounds: Canine P450 oxidoreductase genetic variation, breed heterogeneity, and functional characterization. Greyhounds metabolize cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B11 substrates more slowly than other dog breeds. However, CYP2B11 gene variants associated with decreased CYP2B11 expression do not fully explain reduced CYP2B11 activity in this breed. P450

Examination of common culture medium for human hepatocytes and engineered heart tissue: Towards an evaluation of cardiotoxicity associated with hepatic drug metabolism in vitro. Cardiotoxicity associated with hepatic metabolism and drug-drug interactions is a serious concern. Predicting drug toxicity using animals remains challenging due to species and ethical concerns, necessitating the need

Germline cis variant determines epigenetic regulation of the anti-cancer drug metabolism gene dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD). Enhancers are critical for regulating tissue-specific gene expression, and genetic variants within enhancer regions have been suggested to contribute to various cancer-related processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the precise mechanisms remain

Interaction of Phyllanthus amarus extract and its lignans with human xenobiotic receptors, drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Phyllanthus amarus is ethnomedicinally used to treat gallbladder stones, kidney stones and chronic liver diseases. P. amarus is gaining popularity as an ingredient in many botanical dietary supplements. To evaluate the interaction of P. amarus extract

Deciphering the enigma between low bioavailability and high anti-hepatic fibrosis efficacy of Yinchen Wuling powder based on drug metabolism and network pharmacology. Yinchen Wuling powder (YCWLP) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula with the effect of "removing jaundice and eliminating dampness", which has the potential to prevent and treat hepatic fibrosis (HF). However

cytochrome p450 2c9 (cyp450 2c9) drug metabolizing enzyme genotyping system - Tier 2 Quick Links: Skip to main page contentSkip to SearchSkip to Topics MenuSkip to Common Links  Follow FDA En Español HomeFoodDrugsMedical DevicesRadiation-Emitting ProductsVaccines, Blood & BiologicsAnimal & VeterinaryCosmeticsTobacco Products 510(k) Premarket Notification FDA HomeMedical DevicesDatabases- 510(k ) | DeNovo | Registration & Listing | Adverse Events | Recalls | PMA | HDE | Classification | StandardsCFR Title 21 | Radiation-Emitting Products | X-Ray Assembler | Medsun Reports | CLIA | TPLC  New Search Back To Search ResultsDevice Classification Name cytochrome p450 2c9 (cyp450 2c9) drug metabolizing enzyme genotyping system510(k) Number K183530Device Name TruDiagnosis SystemApplicant Akonni

Screening of medicinal plants for possible herb-drug interactions through modulating nuclear receptors, drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The last three decades have witnessed a surge in popularity and consumption of herbal products. An unintended consequence of such popularity is that chronic consumption of these products can often modulate the functions of various proteins involved

Contribution of Biotransformations Carried Out by the Microbiota, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transport Proteins to the Biological Activities of Phytochemicals Found in the Diet. The consumption of dietary phytochemicals has been associated with several health benefits and relevant biological activities. It is postulated that biotransformations of these compounds regulated by the microbiota

Anti-interleukin-6 antibody clazakizumab in late antibody-mediated kidney transplant rejection: effect on cytochrome P450 drug metabolism. Targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a promising strategy to counteract antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). In inflammatory states, IL-6 antagonism was shown to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP), but its impact on drug metabolism in ABMR treatment was not addressed

NICEdrug.ch, a workflow for rational drug design and systems-level analysis of drug metabolism. The discovery of a drug requires over a decade of intensive research and financial investments - and still has a high risk of failure. To reduce this burden, we developed the NICEdrug.ch resource, which incorporates 250,000 bioactive molecules, and studied their enzymatic metabolic targets, fate

Gut microbiota-driven drug metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the metabolization and modulation of several types of drugs. With this study we aimed to review the literature about microbial drug metabolism of medication prescribed in inflammatory bowel disease practice. A systematic literature search was performed in Embase and PubMed from inception to October 2019. The search was conducted with predefined MeSH/Emtree and text terms. All studies about drug metabolism by microbiota of medication prescribed in inflammatory bowel disease practice were eligible. A total of 1018 records were encountered and 89 articles were selected for full text reading. Intestinal bacterial metabolism or modulation is of influence in four specific drugs used

Yap is crucial for CAR-driven hepatocyte proliferation, but not for induction of drug metabolism genes in mice. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonists, such as 1,4-bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), are known to cause robust hepatocyte proliferation and hepatomegaly in mice along with induction of drug metabolism genes without any associated liver injury. Yes-associated hepatocyte-specific Yap-knockout (KO) mice. Adeno-associated virus 8-thyroxine binding globulin promoter-Cre recombinase vector was injected to Yap-floxed mice for achieving hepatocyte-specific Yap deletion followed by TCPOBOP treatment. Yap deletion did not decrease protein expression of CAR or CAR-driven induction of drug metabolism genes (including cytochrome P450 [Cyp] 2b10, Cyp2c55, and UDP

The influence of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism enzymes and transporters on the pharmacokinetics of different fluvastatin formulations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics. In addition, we compared the fluvastatin pharmacokinetics differences between extended-release (ER) 80 mg tablet and immediate -release (IR) 40 mg capsule in terms of drug metabolism enzyme and transporter genetic polymorphisms. In this open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, crossover study ( = 24), effects of and polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were analyzed. The administration dosage for IR 40 mg and ER 80 mg were twice and once daily, respectively, for total 7 d. Blood samples

Safety assessment of Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract: Study of acute and subacute toxicity, and influence on drug metabolizing enzymes. Gyejibokryeong-hwan is a traditional herbal medicine and is reported to have various pharmacological actions. Despite many reports of previous studies, there is limited scientific evidence concerning its safety and few drug-metabolism profiles to support the continued therapeutic application of Gyejibokryeong-hwan. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity profile of a Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract (GBHW) in vivo, and its effects on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. Acute and subacute toxicity was evaluated by giving GBHW to rats. In a study of acute toxicity, the rats were given GBHW by single

Expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the cochlea: Implications for drug delivery and ototoxicity. Inner ear drug delivery is a major area of research and development, but relatively little is known about basic drug metabolism in the cochlea. Additionally, the use of potentially ototoxic drugs such as NSAIDs, chemotherapeutics and aminoglycosides is common, but little is known about the role of metabolism in ototoxicity of those drugs. To address those issues, we compared expression of major Cytochromes P450 (Cyps), UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases (Ugts), sulfotransferases (Sults), and drug transporters between cochleae and liver, an organ with high expression, in mice using qPCR and enzyme kinetics. Together, the tested drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters

A non-lethal malarial infection results in reduced drug metabolizing enzyme expression and drug clearance in mice. Given the central importance of anti-malarial drugs in the treatment of malaria, there is a need to understand the effect of Plasmodium infection on the broad spectrum of drug metabolizing enzymes. Previous studies have shown reduced clearance of quinine, a treatment for Plasmodium infection, in individuals with malaria. The hepatic expression of a large panel of drug metabolizing enzymes was studied in the livers of mice infected with the AS strain of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, a nonlethal parasite in most strains of mice with several features that model human Plasmodium infections. C57BL/6J mice were infected with P. chabaudi by intraperitoneal injection of infected

Lack of a Clinically Significant Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Etravirine and Raltegravir Using an Original Approach Based on Drug Metabolism, Protein Binding, and Penetration in Seminal Fluid: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the ANRS-163 ETRAL Study. The ANRS163-ETRAL study showed that etravirine 200 mg/raltegravir 400 mg twice-daily dual therapy was highly effective in the treatment

Alteration of drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in palliative care patients: Microdosed assessment of cytochrome P450 3A. Cytochrome P450 3A is the most relevant drug-metabolizing enzyme in humans as it is involved in the elimination of 50% of marketed drugs. Nothing is known about the activity of cytochrome P450 3A in palliative care patients who have complicated symptoms often associated

Pathway-based polygene risk for severe depression implicates drug metabolism in CONVERGE. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has made major advances in the molecular etiology of MDD, confirming that MDD is highly polygenic. Pathway enrichment results from PGC meta-analyses can also be used to help inform molecular drug targets. Prior to any knowledge of molecular biomarkers for MDD, drugs previously shown to be relevant to psychiatric diagnoses. We then identified sets of PRSs, accounting for critical covariates, significantly predictive of case status. Over and above global MDD polygenic risk, polygenic risk within the GO: 0017144 drug metabolism pathway significantly predicted recurrent depression after multiple testing correction. Secondary transcriptomic analysis suggests that among

Phenotypic Assessment of Drug Metabolic Pathways and P-Glycoprotein in Patients Treated With Antidepressants in an Ambulatory Setting. Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and transporters have emerged as major determinants of variability in drug metabolism and response. This study investigated the association between CYP and P-glycoprotein activities