The influence of the lower limb components on genuvarum in football players: a full leg length magnetic resonance imaging study. This study aimed to evaluate lower extremity alignment in football players with and without genuvarum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors to malalignment. This prospective case-control study included 36 male football players aged 16-19 years, divided into two groups: 18 with genuvarum and 18 controls with normal lower extremity alignment. Full-length lower extremity MRI was used to assess alignment parameters. The isokinetic strength of the concentric knee extensor-flexor and concentric hip abductor-adductor muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60
Vitamin D supplementation improves genuvarum in toddlers: two-center pilot study. The natural alignment of the lower extremities shifts rapidly from genuvarum to neutral during early childhood. However, persistent or worsening genuvarum, termed physiological genuvarum, may be associated with vitamin D (VitD) deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-dose VitD supplementation on genuvarum improvement in toddlers, given the prevalence of VitD deficiency and lack of supplementation practices in Japan. This retrospective study included 90 toddlers aged 10-30 months with genuvarum (tibiofemoral angle > 5°). The supplement group (n = 30) received 400 IU/day of VitD and moderate sun exposure, while the non-supplement group (n = 60) received only follow-up care. Radiographic
Effect of Combined Exercise Program on Lower Extremity Alignment and Knee Pain in Patients with GenuVarum. This study aimed to assess the effect of a combined exercise program on lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in patients with genuvarum. Forty-seven middle-aged women with knee pain and genuvarum were randomly divided into the exercise (EG, n = 24) and control (CG, n = 23) groups . These results suggest that the combined exercise program, including strength and neuromuscular exercises, is an effective intervention for improving lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in middle-aged women with genuvarum.
Change in intersegmental foot and ankle motion after a high tibial osteotomy in genuvarum patients. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a well-established treatment for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), which shifts the weight-bearing axis from the medial to the lateral side of the knee. As the adjacent ankle joint may be directly affected by the change in biomechanics, this study aimed to evaluate the change in the intersegmental foot and ankle motion after HTO in patients with genuvarum. The study included 24 patients who underwent HTO, and 48 older healthy participants as a control group. Segmental foot kinematics were evaluated using a 3D multisegment foot model, and gait data of temporal and spatial parameters were obtained. After HTO, normalized stride length significantly increased
Aggravation of Ankle Varus Incongruency Following Total Knee Replacement Correcting ≥10° of GenuVarum Deformity: A Radiographic Assessment. This study aimed to investigate the change in ankle varus incongruencies following total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with preoperative genuvarum deformity of ≥10°. The study cohort was composed of patients who underwent TKR in a single institution for knee osteoarthritis with preoperative genuvarum deformity of ≥10° and concomitant varus ankle incongruencies. Eight radiographic measurements were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively: mechanical tibiofemoral angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal tibial angle, tibial plafond inclination, talar inclination, tibiotalar tilt angle (TTTA
Results through skeletal maturity of planned fibular nonunion for the treatment of genuvarum in achondroplasia: An observational retrospective study. Current surgical options for treating genuvarum in achondroplasia include tibial and fibular osteotomy and growth modulation using plates and screws. However, a single surgeon consistently treated genuvarum using a planned fibular nonunion (PFN ). The purpose of this study is to describe his surgical technique and report radiographic and clinical outcomes for the cohort studied.This is an observational retrospective review. The cohort studied included patients with achondroplasia who had PFN surgery for the treatment of genuvarum at a young age (<13 years) and was followed through to skeletal maturity. The surgery included meticulous closure
Squat Muscle Activation Patterns with Hip Rotations in Subjects with GenuVarum Deformity. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation during the squat with different hip rotations (neutral, 15, 30, and 45° of internal and external hip rotation) in subjects with and without GenuVarum deformity deformity. Surface electromyography were recorded from 32 men with (n=16) and without (n =16) GenuVarum deformity. In the GenuVarum deformity group, the squats with 30, 45 and 15° of internal rotations of the hip showed significantly greater gluteus medius activation as compared to other positions. Moreover, the tensor fascia lata activity increased with greater external rotation of the hip, and significantly more than hip internal rotations (p<0.05). For vastus medialis and vastus
Effect of high tibial osteotomy on hip biomechanics in patients with genuvarum: AÂ prospective cohort study The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of proximal tibia osteotomy on hip biomechanics. This cohort study was conducted on 50 knees of 37 patients divided into two groups of unilateral and bilateral surgeries during 2015-2016. Patients underwent medial open-wedge osteotomy
The Influence of the Lower Limb Components on GenuVarum in Football Players Objectives: To evaluate lower extremity alignments in football players with and without genuvarum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to determine the mechanisms underlying malalignment and the factors contributing to it. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study with football players with/without lower to investigate whether the alignment parameters used to evaluate lower extremity alignment in football players are risk factors for the development of genuvarum. Genuvarum deformity is a common condition among football players, occurring in 73% of cases . Previous studies have shown that football players are at a higher risk of developing genuvarum than athletes in other sports . Genuvarum can have
Effect of Lateral Wedged Insoles With Subtalar Strapping on GenuVarum With Medial Compartment Knee Pain The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of lateral wedged insoles with subtalar strapping in genuvarum with medial compartment knee pain on: 1. Space between knees (measured by vernier calipers)2. Degree of genuvarum deformity (Femorotibial angle (FTA)) measured on long film weight bearing x-ray)3. Pain level (Measured by VAS)4. Hind foot angle (measured by long axial hindfoot alignment view)5. Functional outcome (measured by the lower extremity function scale)6. Functional performance (measured by the 6 minute walk test) Genuvarum is known as one of the most common lower limb abnormalities. Genuvarum is reported to occur 15 to 20% in the whole population. In most cases
The Efficacy of Percutaneous Lateral Hemiepiphysiodesis on Angular Correction in Idiopathic Adolescent GenuVarum Percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis of the lower extremity is a simple and excellent method to correct the angular and length problems cosmetically. However, the efficacy of percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis is not well established in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis for angular corrections in adolescent idiopathic genuvarum patients with proximal tibia vara and identify the factors affecting the amount of deformity correction of the lower limb in the coronal plane. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients (40 lower limbs) who had percutaneous lateral hemiepiphysiodesis on the proximal
Differences in onset timing between the vastus medialis and lateralis during concentric knee contraction in individuals with genuvarum or valgum [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in onset timing between the vastus medialis and lateralis among the different knee alignments, as well as the best isokinetic angular velocity for an isokinetic concentric contraction . [Subjects] Fifty-two adults (20 with genuvarum, 12 genu valgum, and 20 controls) were enrolled in this study. Subjects with > 4 cm between the medial epicondyles of the knee were placed in the genuvarum group, whereas subjects with > 4 cm between the medial malleolus of the ankle were placed in the genu valgum group. [Methods] Surface electromyography was used to measure the onset times of the vastus
Proximal Tibial Osteotomy Osteoclasis In Infantile Genu-VarumGenu-varum is a common problem encountered in pediatric orthopedic. Correction of pathological deformity is mandatory to ensure normal load transfer through the knee. In this study, the investigators describe a new technique of osteotomy osteoclasis in order to evaluate if it is an effective and reliable method in management of infantile genuvarum Seventy children with 122 legs suffering significant infantile genu-varum were treated by percutaneous osteotomy-osteoclasis technique. The mean age was 46 months. Genuvarum was bilateral in 52 children and unilateral in 18 with a mean preoperative proximal medial tibial angle 66.67 ± 2.670. Under general anesthesia, transverse osteotomy osteoclasis was performed below the tibial
Gradual correction of idiopathic genuvarum deformity using the Ilizarov technique. Proximal tibial osteotomy is an effective treatment option for genuvarum deformity among the many other described techniques. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes and the complications in gradual correction of idiopathic genuvarum deformity using Ilizarov frame preoperative and postoperative posterior proximal tibial angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, joint conversion angle and tibial slope were not significant. Ten complications were observed, of which 8 were minor complications and 2 were minor complications. With a few complications, normal alignment and orientation of lower extremity can be established in patients with idiopathic genuvarum
of the foot. Most resolve by the age of 6 years.Bow legs (genuvarum) are common from birth to early toddler-hood, often with out-toeing (maximal at approximately 1 year). Most resolve by 18 months.Knock knees (genu valgum). Often associated with in-toeing. Most resolve by the age of 7 years.Flat feet. Most children have a flexible foot with normal arch on tiptoeing. Flat feet usually resolve by the age and functional limitation or evidence of neurological disease.In children with bow legs or knock knees, it is important to consider x-rays if the child is short (a height less than the 25th centile raises suspicions of hypophosphataemic rickets or skeletal dysplasias) or has genuvarum or asymmetric leg alignment.[6]Abnormal gait patternsAntalgic gaitReduced time spent weight-bearing on the affected
of appropriate referral * Back pain * Bow legs * Clumsy child * Curly toes * Flat feet * Growing pains * Heel pain * Hypermobility * In-toeing * Knock knees * Late walking * Out-toeing * Tip toe walking * Diagnosis * Management * Supporting evidence * How this topic was developed * References Bow legs * A large number of children are born with, or develop, bow legs (genuvarum) which are often associated