compared to the same LA without any vasoconstrictor. Occasionally, cocaine is administered for this purpose. Examples include: * Prilocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine (trade name Citanest Forte) * Lidocaine, bupivacaine, and epinephrine (recommended final concentrations of 0.5, 0.25, and 0.5%, respectively) * Iontocaine, consisting of lidocaine and epinephrine * Septocaine (trade name Septodont