"Medical test"

Social Media Posts About Medical Tests With Potential for Overdiagnosis. Social media is an influential source of medical information, but little is known about how posts discuss medical tests that carry potential for overdiagnosis or overuse. To investigate how social media posts discuss 5 popular medical tests: full-body magnetic resonance imaging, the multicancer early detection test (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.80). In this cross-sectional study of social media posts about 5 popular medical tests, most posts were misleading or failed to mention important harms, including overdiagnosis or overuse. These data demonstrate a need for stronger regulation of misleading medical information on social media.

Caring around and through medical tests in primary care: On the role of care in the diagnostic process. Primary care is characterised by a broad understanding of health and illness. Due to the high degree of diagnostic uncertainty in primary care, medical tests play a lesser role in this domain than in specialist medicine. However, medical testing is also becoming increasingly important in primary care, raising questions about how these technologies are integrated into everyday practice. Drawing on qualitative interviews with Austrian doctors, this article shows that the use of medical tests in primary care is often interwoven with practices of care. Doctors engage in care around the use of medical tests by assessing the impact of diagnostic knowledge and addressing patients' needs before

Natural Frequencies Improve Public Understanding of Medical Test Results: An Experimental Study on Various Bayesian Inference Tasks with Multiple Scoring Methods and Non-Bayesian Reasoning Strategies. It is well established that the natural frequencies (NF) format is cognitively more beneficial for Bayesian inference than the conditional probabilities (CP) format. However, empirical studies have . The natural frequencies (NF) format is known to foster understanding of medical test results compared with the conditional probabilities (CP) format, but some studies have reported that this benefit is either nonexistent or limited to specific groups.This study aims to replicate previous empirical studies using various Bayesian problems using multiple scoring methods.The NF format fosters understanding

Uncovering nasopharyngeal carcinoma from chronic rhinosinusitis and healthy subjects using routine medical tests via machine learning. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common types of cancers in South China and Southeast Asia. Clinical data has shown that early detection is essential for improving treatment effectiveness and survival rate. Unfortunately, because the early symptoms of NPC are rather minor and similar to that of diseases such as Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), early detection is a challenge. This paper proposes using machine learning methods to detect NPC using routine medical test data, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), k-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) and Logistic Regression (LR). We collected a dataset

In Their Own Words, "Waiting Sucks:" A Qualitative Study of Medical Testing-Related Anxiety in Patients with Cancer. This qualitative study sought to learn from patients with cancer -- in their own words -- about anxiety associated with medical testing. Patients with cancer or a history of cancer were recruited from an oncology clinic. After oral consent, each was interviewed in person. A semi -structured interview guide was used to help focus the interviews. Interviews were then recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with rigorous qualitative methods. Twenty patients are the focus of this report, which highlights 2 main themes from the data. The first is that anxiety related to medical testing is a real entity. Although not all patients experienced it, those who did described it as such ("I

Effect of a Peer Comparison and Educational Intervention on Medical Test Conversation Quality: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Medical test overuse and resulting care cascades represent a costly, intractable problem associated with inadequate patient-clinician communication. One possible solution with potential for broader benefits is priming routine, high-quality medical test conversations . To assess if a peer comparison and educational intervention for physicians and patients improved medical test conversations during annual visits. Randomized clinical trial and qualitative evaluation at an academic medical center conducted May 2021 to October 2022. Twenty primary care physicians (PCPs) were matched-pair randomized. For each physician, at least 10 patients with scheduled visits were

Association of medical tests use with care continuity in primary care service: evidence from the Department of Veterans Affairs. Continuity of care (CoC) is an important component of health care delivery that can have cost implications and improve patient outcomes. We analysed data obtained from the Department of Veterans Affairs to examine the relationship between CoC and use of image-oriented

The hidden burden of medical testing: public views and experiences of COVID-19 testing as a social and ethical process. In May 2020, the Scottish Government launched Test and Protect, a test, trace and isolate programme for COVID-19 that includes a PCR testing component. The programme's success depended on the willingness of members of the public to seek out testing when they experienced theories of medical testing. Social relationships and ethical considerations shape testing practices at every stage of the testing process. Members of the public viewed testing as a civic duty to society and moral duty to friends, family, and colleagues. However, the testing process also placed a significant social, economic, and practical burden on the individual and sometimes generated competing

Waiting for medical test results: A delay discounting approach. Delay discounting is the devaluation of an outcome as a function of delay until receiving that outcome. In two studies, we used a delay discounting approach to examine how wait times for a medical diagnosis can affect people's decision to undergo medical testing. In Study 1 (N = 151), participants rated the likelihood they would get

Assessment of Overuse of Medical Tests and Treatments at US Hospitals Using Medicare Claims. Overuse of health care services exposes patients to unnecessary risk of harm and costs. Distinguishing patterns of overuse among hospitals requires hospital-level measures across multiple services. To describe characteristics of hospitals associated with overuse of health care services in the US

Special Operations Medics Test the Novel iView Video Laryngoscope: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Trial. Airway compromise is the second leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Special operations medic comprise the majority of medics trained to perform endotracheal intubation (ETI), mostly by way of direct laryngoscopy (DL). The iView is a disposable, low-cost video

The prevalence of preoperative medical testing and consultation in cataract surgery patients at a teaching hospital. To investigate the prevalence of preoperative cataract surgery testing and consultation at a single United States teaching hospital. Academic-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Retrospective chart review. This study included patients who received cataract surgery from

Studies of Medical Tests: Design and Analytical Considerations. Medical tests are procedures intended to detect, diagnose, characterize, or monitor a specific medical condition. Understanding the accuracy of a medical test is a critical part of informed decision-making in patient management, as it allows clinicians to appreciate the types of errors a medical test might be prone to making and how often it makes them. Designing a study to assess the performance of a medical test, however, presents unique challenges, from acquiring a reference standard to dealing with the complexities that arise when the test involves an interpretation by a human reader. This article provides an overview of design considerations in this context, including common biases and how to avoid them, statistical

Combat medic testing of a novel monitoring capability for early detection of hemorrhage. Current out-of-hospital protocols to determine hemorrhagic shock in civilian trauma systems rely on standard vital signs with military guidelines relying on heart rate and strength of the radial pulse on palpation, all of which have proven to provide little forewarning for the need to implement early

Utility of a Precision Medicine Test in Elderly Adults with Symptoms Suggestive of Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosing obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is challenging in elderly adults, and current diagnostic approaches for CAD expose these individuals to risks from contrast dye and invasive procedures. A Registry to Evaluate Patterns of Care Associated with the Use of Corus CAD in Real World Clinical Care Settings (PRESET; NCT01677156), pragmatic clinical trial. Community, 21 primary care practices. Of 566 stable, nonacute outpatients presenting with symptoms suggestive of obstructive CAD, the 176 who were aged 65 and older (median age 70, 61% female) were the current study participants. Blood-based precision medicine test, incorporating age, sex, and gene expression score (ASGES

Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery. Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery. – Less Is MoreSkip to content * Home * About * Index * FeedbackSearch for:Less Is MoreSimpler & Better MedicineMenuRoutine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery. — September 10, 2019Routine preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery.September 10, 2019September 5

Natural Frequencies Do Foster Public Understanding of Medical Tests: Comment on Pighin, Gonzalez, Savadori and Girotto (2016). Patients and doctors often need to make decisions based on the results of medical tests. When these results are presented in the form of conditional probabilities, even doctors find it difficult to interpret them correctly. There is over 20 y of research supporting formats. In each analysis, natural frequencies lead to more correct judgements and therefore promote informed decision making relative to conditional probabilities. We welcome further discussions of performance metrics that can provide insight into how the public and therefore patients understand the implications of medical test results.

Detection and Diagnostic Overall Accuracy Measures of Medical Tests Overall accuracy measures of medical tests are often used with unclear interpretations. To develop methods of calculating the overall accuracy of medical tests in the patient population. Algebraic equations based on Bayes' theorem. A new approach is proposed for calculating overall accuracy in the patient population. Examples and applications using published data are presented. The overall accuracy is the proportion of the correct test results. We introduce a clear distinction between the overall accuracy measures of medical tests that are aimed at the detection of a disease in a screening of populations for public health purposes in the general population and the overall accuracy measures of tests aimed at determining a diagnosis

The Clinical Relevance of Methods for Handling Inconclusive Medical Test Results: Quantification of Uncertainty in Medical Decision-Making and Screening although the existence of inconclusive medical test results or bio-markers is widely recognized, there are indications that this inherent diagnostic uncertainty is sometimes ignored. This paper discusses three methods for defining and determining inconclusive medical test results, which use different definitions and differ in clinical relevance. the TG-ROC (two graphs receiver operating characteristics) method is the easiest to use, while the grey zone method and the uncertain interval method require more extensive calculations. this paper discusses the technical details of the methods, as well as advantages and disadvantages

Supporting Accurate Interpretation of Self-Administered Medical Test Results for Mobile Health: Assessment of Design, Demographics, and Health Condition Technological advances in personal informatics allow people to track their own health in a variety of ways, representing a dramatic change in individuals' control of their own wellness. However, research regarding patient interpretation of traditional medical tests highlights the risks in making complex medical data available to a general audience. This study aimed to explore how people interpret medical test results, examined in the context of a mobile blood testing system developed to enable self-care and health management. In a preliminary investigation and main study, we presented 27 and 303 adults, respectively, with hypothetical results