"Nafcillin"

Nafcillin Augmentation of Daptomycin and Cathelicidin LL-37 Killing of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis: Foundations of Successful Therapy of Endocarditis. A patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) tricuspid valve endocarditis had refractory bacteremia while on vancomycin and daptomycin monotherapies that was cleared in 24 h upon addition of nafcillin to daptomycin. In vitro studies on the isolate demonstrated enhancement of daptomycin killing by nafcillin in both planktonic cells and biofilm. Nafcillin exposure also sensitized MRSE to killing by human neutrophils and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Fluorescent microscopy showed increased daptomycin and LL-37 binding to the MRSE bacterial surface upon nafcillin treatment. Ceftaroline also

Safety and Efficacy of Nafcillin for Empiric Therapy of Late-Onset Sepsis in the NICU. In 2014 at Nationwide Children's Hospital, the Neonatal Antimicrobial Stewardship Program recommended nafcillin over vancomycin for empirical therapy of possible late-onset sepsis (LOS) in infants without a history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization or infection. We report our experience with this guideline and assess its safety. We retrospectively reviewed all infants who received nafcillin or vancomycin for empirical treatment of possible LOS at 3 NICUs before (January 2013-May 2014) and after (January 2017-March 2019) implementation of a vancomycin reduction guideline. Safety measures included duration of blood culture positivity, recurrence of infection with the same

Nafcillin An official website of the United States government Here's how you know Log inAccess keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain NavigationBookshelfSearch databaseBooksAll DatabasesAssemblyBiocollectionsBioProjectBioSampleBooksClinVarConserved DomainsdbGaPdbVarGeneGenomeGEO DataSetsGEO ProfilesGTRHomoloGeneIdentical Protein GroupsMedGenMeSHNLM LactationAlthough no information is available on the use of nafcillin during breastfeeding, penicillins are generally not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with penicillins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Nafcillin is acceptable in nursing mothers.Drug

A comparison of safety and outcomes with cefazolin versus nafcillin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a frequent cause of bloodstream infections (BSI). Treatment with nafcillin (NAF) has been preferred to cefazolin (CFZ). However, comparable outcomes have been found with CFZ with possibly lower risk

Disproportionality Analysis of Safety with Nafcillin and Oxacillin with the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Antistaphylococcal penicillins such as nafcillin and oxacillin are among the first choices of treatment for severe invasive methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) infections, although there has been limited safety evaluations between individual agents. Using the FDA Adverse Event Reports System (FAERS), oxacillin was observed to have a lower proportion of reports of acute renal failure (reporting odds ratio [ROR], 5.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.1 to 9.3] versus 21.3 [95% CI, 15.8 to 28.6], respectively) and hypokalemia (ROR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.1 to 4.8] versus 11.4 [95% CI, 7.1 to 18.3], respectively) than nafcillin.

Comparison of the efficacy of nafcillin and glycopeptides as definitive therapy for patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study. Studies have shown that the prognosis of the treatment of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) with glycopeptides is inferior compared to treatment with β-lactam. However, there are only few studies comparing treatment with antistaphylococcal penicillin alone to glycopeptide treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of nafcillin, an antistaphylococcal penicillin, with that of glycopeptides as a definitive therapy for MSSA bacteremia. Patients with MSSA bacteremia recruited from a tertiary referral hospital were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic characteristics

Significant drug–drug interaction between warfarin and nafcillin Nafcillin, a beta-lactam semisynthetic penicillin, is highly resistant to penicillinase and is similar to other penicillins except that it is primarily metabolized in the liver. It is believed that nafcillin causes CYP3A4 enzyme induction which decreases warfarin's half-life. The onset of CYP3A4 induction by nafcillin occurs within the first 7 days, but maximal effects may take up to 2 weeks. Once nafcillin is discontinued, the effects persist for several weeks. A 79-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation and a 53-year-old male with a history of recurrent venous thromboembolism required significantly higher weekly warfarin doses during courses of nafcillin therapy. Both patients required a 2.5-3.5-fold

Comparative outcomes of cefazolin versus nafcillin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective multi-center cohort study in Korea. No randomized controlled trials have evaluated the comparative outcomes of cefazolin versus nafcillin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia. A prospective observational cohort study including all S . aureus bacteraemia was conducted at 10 hospitals. Patients (≥15 years) with MSSA bacteraemia who received cefazolin or nafcillin as definitive antibiotics were included. The rates of treatment failure (premature discontinuation of antibiotics because of adverse effects, switching of antibiotics because of clinical failure, all-cause mortality within 1 month, or recurrence) were compared between

Comparative Effectiveness of Cefazolin versus Nafcillin or Oxacillin for Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections Complicated by Bacteremia: A Nationwide Cohort Study. To treat patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections, β-lactams are recommended for definitive therapy; however, the comparative effectiveness of individual β-lactams is unknown. This study compared definitive therapy with cefazolin vs nafcillin or oxacillin among patients with MSSA infections complicated by bacteremia. This retrospective study included patients admitted to 119 Veterans Affairs hospitals from 2003 to 2010. Patients were included if they had a blood culture positive for MSSA and received definitive therapy with cefazolin, nafcillin, or oxacillin. Cox

Nafcillin-Induced Allergic Eosinophilic Cholestatic Hepatitis A 71-year-old female with no history of liver disease or antibiotic allergy developed jaundice with elevated liver enzymes and eosinophilia following treatment with nafcillin for septic arthritis. Further workup demonstrated hepatocellular dysfunction and liver biopsy showed expansion of portal tracts by lymphocytes and eosinophils consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction. Nafcillin and related antibiotics were withdrawn, and her symptoms resolved 3 months later. We searched PubMed using terms of "nafcillin cholestasis" and "nafcillin hepatitis", and a review of the literature showed other reports of nafcillin-induced hepatitis and cholestasis. Avoidance and on occasion the guarded use of glucocorticoids can lead to recovery from

A Patient with Nafcillin-Associated Drug-Induced Liver Failure Nafcillin-induced acute liver injury is a rare and potentially fatal complication that has been known since the 1960s but inadequately studied. At this time, the only proven treatment is early discontinuation of the drug. Because of the high prevalence of nafcillin class antibiotic use in the United States, it is important for clinicians to have a high clinical suspicion for this diagnosis. We present a case of liver failure attributable to nafcillin use in a 68-year-old male with a history methicillin-sensitive and L3/L4 osteomyelitis. After starting long-term antibiotic therapy, he presented with painless jaundice which necessitated discontinuation of the drug. At the time of presentation, the patient's lab work exhibited

The Safety and Economic Impact of Cefazolin versus Nafcillin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections Anti-staphylococcal penicillins are generally accepted as first-line therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, but their use may be limited by interstitial nephritis and acute kidney injury. Alternatives include first-generation cephalosporins including cefazolin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare adverse effects and clinical outcomes among patients with MSSA bacteremia treated with cefazolin or nafcillin. The primary endpoint was acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a 0.3 mg/dL or 50% increase from baseline. Incidence of AKI was 27/82 (33%) versus 9/68 (13%) (p = 0.007) in the nafcillin

Patient variables associated with nafcillin plasma concentrations and toxicity. undefined To retrospectively review nafcillin plasma concentrations (CNAF ) and determine nafcillin clearance (CLNAF ) in a diverse sample of patients treated with nafcillin administered as a continuous infusion. To identify clinical variables associated with CLNAF and nafcillin-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs ). Retrospective chart review of patients receiving nafcillin via continuous infusion at University of Utah Health Care from 2006 to 2013 who had at least one steady-state CNAF measured. CLNAF was determined by dividing the nafcillin rate of infusion by CNAF . Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were defined using the National Institutes of Health, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases criteria and scored

Cefazolin versus nafcillin for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: an observational study in a California tertiary medical center. Recent observational studies have suggested possible reductions in mortality in patients receiving cefazolin versus antistaphylococcal penicillins. We examined 90-day mortality in patients receiving cefazolin compared to nafcillin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bloodstream infection (BSI). We identified persons with MSSA BSI admitted to San Francisco General Hospital from January 2008 to July 2013 through a hospital-wide infection surveillance system and confirmed 90-day mortality using U.S. national vital registries. We included persons receiving cefazolin or nafcillin as the predominant intravenous

Effects of Vancomycin Versus Nafcillin in Enhancing Killing of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteremia by Human Cathelicidin LL37 Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics, like nafcillin, render methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) more susceptible to killing by innate host defense peptides (HDPs ), such as cathelicidin LL-37. We compared the effects of growth in 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nafcillin or vancomycin on the LL-37 killing of 92 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. For three randomly selected strains among these, we examined the effects of nafcillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid on LL-37 killing and autolysis. Growth in the presence of subinhibitory nafcillin

Nafcillin Implicated in A Case of Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LV) is a rare hypersensitive reaction involving the small vessels, which is usually mediated by drugs. Very few cases of nafcillin -associated LV have been reported. Here, we reported a case of LV with the presentation of skin rashes and gastrointestinal bleeding after receiving nafcillin, evidenced by endoscopy and skin biopsy. The symptoms resolved after withdrawal of nafcillin and the addition of prednisone treatment. LV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of erythematous rash, especially with gastrointestinal symptoms after the exposure.

Tolerability of Cefazolin After Immune-Mediated Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nafcillin in the Outpatient Setting. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety and tolerability of cefazolin therapy among patients with methicillin-sensitive Gram-positive bacterial infections who develop non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to nafcillin. In this retrospective cohort analysis of the Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy program at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 2007 through 2013, we identified patients switched from nafcillin to cefazolin after an immune-mediated HSR. We reviewed patient demographics, details about the original HSR, and outcomes after the switch to cefazolin therapy. HSRs were classified by reaction type and likely mechanism

Comparative Evaluation of the Tolerability of Cefazolin and Nafcillin for Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the Outpatient Setting. Nafcillin and cefazolin are considered first-line therapy for most infections with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and recent studies have suggested similar clinical efficacy. Limited data are available on the comparative tolerability of these agents. In this retrospective cohort analysis of patients treated with either nafcillin or cefazolin for MSSA infection in the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2007 to 2011, the frequency of premature antimicrobial discontinuation (PAD) and drug-emergent events (DEEs) was calculated. Three hundred sixty-six and 119

In vivo effect of cefazolin, daptomycin, and nafcillin in experimental endocarditis with a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain showing an inoculum effect against cefazolin. Several reports have implicated the inoculum effect that some strains of type A beta-lactamase (Bla)-producing, methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) show against cefazolin as the cause for clinical failures in certain serious deep-seated infections. Here, using a previously reported MSSA strain displaying this phenotype (TX0117), we obtained a Bla-cured derivative (TX0117c) with a combination of novobiocin and high temperature. Both isolates were then used in a rat endocarditis model and treated with cefazolin, nafcillin, and daptomycin, given to simulate human dosing. Animals were treated for 3 days