"Peak bone mass"

Calorie Restriction in Mice Impairs Cortical but not Trabecular Peak Bone Mass by Suppressing Bone Remodeling. Calorie restriction (CR) can lead to weight loss and decreased substrate availability for bone cells. Ultimately, this can lead to impaired peak bone acquisition in children and adolescence and bone loss in adults. But the mechanisms that drive diet-induced bone loss in humans

Age at attainment of peak bone mineral density and its associated factors: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Lower peak bone mineral density (BMD) in youth may be the single most important factor leading to the development of osteoporosis in the elderly. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014, we included 18,713 individuals with complete and valid data on femoral neck, total hip and lumbar spine BMD. Generalized additive models were used to estimate the age at attainment of peak BMD and 95% confidence intervals (95%Cls); model covariates were sex, race, body mass index (BMI) and we also examine factors potentially affecting age at attainment

Reduced Peak Bone Mass in Young Adults with Low Motor Competence. Although suboptimal bone health has been reported in children and adolescents with low motor competence (LMC), it is not known whether such deficits are present at the time of peak bone mass. We examined the impact of LMC on bone mineral density (BMD) in 1043 participants (484 females) from the Raine Cohort Study. Participants had , with males with DCD showing a reduced effect from increasing bone loading. As such, although engagement in osteogenic physical activity is associated with BMD, other factors involved in physical activity e.g. diversity, movement quality, may also contribute to BMD differences based upon LMC status. The finding of lower peak bone mass for individuals with LMC may reflect a higher risk of osteoporosis

A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with osteopenia which could persist into adulthood affecting attainment of Peak Bone Mass thus resulting in osteoporosis in late adulthood. We previously reported a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial(the Cal study) showing significant bone health improvement with 2-year calcium(Ca)+Vit-D supplementation for AIS girls. This study addressed the important issue whether bone health improvement from the initial 2-year Ca+Vit-D supplementation could persist as subjects approached towards Peak Bone Mass at 6-year ie after

Persistent low-normal bone mineral density in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with different curve severity: A longitudinal study from presentation to beyond skeletal maturity and peak bone mass. Low bone mineral status has been reported in patients first presented with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We aimed to study whether low-normal bone mineral density (BMD) is persistent among AIS girls during puberty and at peak bone mass, and whether if such persistence is associated with curve severity and differed from healthy controls. This prospective longitudinal study comprised 550 AIS girls and 194 healthy control subjects followed from 1997 till 2016. Low-normal BMD was defined as z-standardized bone mineral density (z-BMD) of bilateral femoral neck ≤ -1. Markov Chain 2-stages

Lentivirus-delivered ACE siRNA rescues the impaired peak bone mass accumulation caused by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male offspring rats. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) is a major component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Our previous study demonstrated that activated bone RAS was associated with low peak bone mass induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) in male offspring rats. However, we did not determine whether the inhibition of ACE expression could rescue PDE-induced low peak bone mass. In the present study, we treated pregnant Wistar rats with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d) on gestational days 9-20 and obtained eight weeks old male offspring rats. Some of the offspring rats from the PDE group were injected lentivirus delivered-ACE siRNA (LV-ACE siRNA) through

Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields increase peak bone mass in rats by activating Wnt10b/β-catenin in primary cilia of osteoblasts. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields have been considered a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; however, their action mechanism and optimal magnetic flux density (intensity) parameter are still elusive. The present study found that 50-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) at 1.8 mT increased the peak bone mass of young rats by increasing bone formation. Gene array expression studies with femoral bone samples showed that SEMFs increased the expression levels of collagen-1α1 and Wnt10b, a critical ligand of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Consistently, SEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation

Does peak bone mass correlate with peak bone strength? Cross-sectional normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in 1052 men aged 18-28 years. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to estimate peak bone mass, define osteoporosis and predict fracture. However, as aBMD is calculated as bone mineral content (BMC) divided by the scanned (ANOVA) to evaluate whether there were differences in these traits between the age groups. We then used Pearson's correlation analyses to test for trends with ageing after peak bone mass was reached. We found the highest absolute femoral neck aBMD at age 19, with statistically significant differences between the one-year age groups in BMC, aBMD, and bone area (all p < 0.05). From peak bone mass onwards

Polymorphisms in Wnt signaling pathway genes are associated with peak bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass in Chinese male nuclear families. Our objective was to investigate the associations between polymorphisms in Wnt pathway genes and peak bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in young Chinese men. Our study identified that WNT5B and CTNNBL1 for both BMD and body composition, and WNT4 and CTNNB1 gene polymorphisms contribute to the variation in BMD and body composition in young Chinese men, respectively. Our objective was to investigate the associations between polymorphisms in WNT4, WNT5B, WNT10B, WNT16, CTNNB1, and CTNNBL1 genes and peak bone mineral density (BMD), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) in young Chinese men. Using SNPscan(TM) kits, 51 single-nucleotide

Causes of low peak bone mass in women. Peak bone mass is the maximum bone mass that accrues during growth and development. Consolidation of peak bone mass normally occurs during early adulthood. Low peak bone mass results from failure to achieve peak bone mass genetic potential, primarily due to bone loss caused by a variety of conditions or processes occurring at younger ages than usual . Recognized causes of low peak bone mass include genetic causes, endocrine disorders, nutritional disorders, chronic diseases of childhood or adolescence, medications, and idiopathic factors.

Total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb increases the peak bone mass of young rats involving enhanced activation of the AC10/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Epimedium sagittatum brevicornum Maxim. is an important traditional Chinese herb that has long been used to promote bone fracture healing and treat osteoporosis. Achieving peak bone mass by adolescence has now been accepted to be fundamental for preventing osteoporosis in adulthood life. This study investigated the possibility of increasing peak bone mass in young rats using the total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb (TFE). TFE was intragastrically administered to one-month-old Wistar rats at a low (100 mg/kg), middle (200 mg/kg) or high dose (400 mg/kg). Whole body bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Increased H3K27ac level of ACE mediates the intergenerational effect of low peak bone mass induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male offspring rats Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) induces developmental toxicities of multiple organs in offspring. Here, we verified the intergenerational effect of low peak bone mass induced by PDE and investigated its intrauterine programming mechanism. Pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 mg/kg/d dexamethasone from gestation day (GD) 9 to 20. Some pregnant rats were killed for the fetuses on GD20, and the rest went on to spontaneous labor to produce the first-generation (F1) offspring. The adult F1 male offspring were mated with normal females to produce the F2 offspring. In vivo, PDE leads to low peak bone mass in F1 male

Relationship between CATSPERB, NR5A2 gene polymorphisms and Peak Bone Mineral Density in College Students in China Peak bone mineral density (PBMD) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, genes explains most of variation. As the novel candidate genes CATSPERB and NR5A2 may have been associated with spinal PBMD in adult. This study was to investigate the relationship among

Peak bone mass and bone microarchitecture in adults born with low birth weight preterm or at term: A cohort study. Peak bone mass (PBM) is regarded as the most important determinant of osteoporosis. Growing evidence suggests a role of intrauterine programming in skeletal development. We examined PBM and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adults born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW) or small

Tracking of vitamin D status from childhood to early adulthood and its association with peak bone mass. To our knowledge, there are few longitudinal studies of vitamin D status from childhood to early adulthood, and it is uncertain whether vitamin D predicts peak bone mass in young adults. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the long-term stability of vitamin D status from in prepuberty, adolescence, and early adulthood. Vitamin D status in childhood is a significant predictor of peak bone mass in male but not female subjects.

Fracture Prospectively Recorded from Pre-puberty to Young Adulthood: Are they Markers of Peak Bone Mass and Strength in Males? Fractures are common in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. They result from trauma of varying severity. Some reflect a greater skeletal fragility. A long-term implication of these fractures is their potentiality to predict adult bone fragility and increased risk during skeletal development. The objective of the current study was to assess in healthy males the relationship between fracture during development and expression of bone fragility in adulthood. A cohort of 152 boys was followed from age 7.4 ± 04 (mean ± SD) to 22.6 ± 0.7 years, ie, when peak bone mass is attained. Ninety participants (59.2%) sustained at least one fracture during growth, with highest

Sprint Interval Training Induces A Sexual Dimorphism but does not Improve Peak Bone Mass in Young and Healthy Mice Elevated peak bone mass in early adulthood reduces the risk for osteoporotic fractures at old age. As sports participation has been correlated with elevated peak bone masses, we aimed to establish a training program that would efficiently stimulate bone accrual in healthy young mice

Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and peak bone mass at 20years of age in a birth cohort. In older adults, high-normal circulating cortisol levels are associated with lower bone mass, but relationships between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and peak bone mass in young adults have not been examined. We studied 411 male and 390 female participants

The effects of body mass index on the hereditary influences that determine peak bone mass in mother-daughter pairs (KNHANES V). A daughter's bone mineral density (BMD) is significantly correlated with her mother's BMD, but the daughter's body mass index (BMI) could modulate this association. Maternal inheritance dominantly affects daughters with a lower BMI, but BMI could compensate for hereditary influences in daughters with a higher BMI in terms of daughter's BMD. Achieving optimal peak bone mass at a young age is the best way to protect against future osteoporosis and subsequent fractures. Although environmental components influence bone mass accrual, but peak bone mass is largely programmed by inheritance. The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of maternal

Prepubertal Impact of Protein Intake and Physical Activity on Weight Bearing Peak Bone Mass and Strength in Males. Peak bone mass (PBM) and strength are important determinants of fracture risk in later life. During growth, bone is responsive to changes in nutrition and physical activity (PA), particularly before pubertal maturation. In prepubertal healthy boys, protein intake (Prot-Int) enhances