Validation of the Utah Photophobia Symptom Impact Scale (version 2) as a headache-specific photophobia assessment tool. To present an updated version of the Utah Photophobia Symptom Impact Scale version 2 (UPSIS2), providing robust clinical and psychometric validation, to improve headache-specific evaluation of light sensitivity and headache-related photophobia. The original UPSIS filled a gap International Classification of Headache Disorders (third edition) groups, indicating good known group validity. The UPSIS2 provides a well-validated headache-specific outcome measure for the assessment of photophobia impact on ADLs.
Cutaneous Allodynia and Photophobia in Vestibular Migraine and Other Vestibular Disorders: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Centre. Photophobia (PP) and cutaneous allodynia (CA) are sensory sensitivity symptoms recognised as features of migraine. The prevalence of PP and CA in vestibular migraine (VM) and other vestibular disorders (OVD) is unknown. The aim of this study is to measure
Photophobia is associated with lower sleep quality in individuals with migraine: results from the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR). Patients with migraine often have poor sleep quality between and during migraine attacks. Furthermore, extensive research has identified photophobia as the most common and most bothersome symptom in individuals with migraine, second only to headache . Seeking the comfort of darkness is a common strategy for managing pain during an attack and preventing its recurrence between episodes. Given the well-established effects of daily light exposure on circadian activity rhythms and sleep quality, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between photophobia symptoms and sleep quality in a cohort of patients with migraine. A cross-sectional
Hyperactivity of the medial thalamus in patients with photophobia-associated migraine. To examine cerebral functional alterations associated with sensory processing in patients with migraine and constant photophobia. Migraine is a common headache disorder that presents with photophobia in many patients during attacks. Furthermore, some patients with migraine experience constant photophobia, even during headache-free intervals, leading to a compromised quality of life. This prospective, case-control study included 40 patients with migraine (18 male and 22 female) who were recruited at an eye hospital and eye clinic. The patients were divided into two groups: migraine with photophobia group, consisting of 22 patients (10 male and 12 female) with constant photophobia, and migraine without
Lack of a direct link between macular cones function and photophobia in interictal migraine. It is still debatable whether the mechanisms underlying photophobia are related to altered visual cortex excitability or specific abnormalities of colour-related focal macular retino-thalamic information processing. This cross-sectional study examined Ganzfeld blue-red (B-R) and blue-yellow (B-Y) focal on a numerical scale. Compared to HVs, the amplitude and phase of the first and second harmonic of ffERG and ffVEPs were non-significantly different in migraine patients without aura and migraine patients with aura for both the B-R and the B-Y focal stimuli. Pearson's correlation test did not disclose correlations between clinical variables, including the photophobia scale and electrophysiological variables
Gender-different effect of Src family kinases antagonism on photophobia and trigeminal ganglion activity. Src family kinases (SFKs) contribute to migraine pathogenesis, yet its role in regulating photophobia behaviour, one of the most common forms of migraine, remains unknown. Here, we addressed whether SFKs antagonism alleviates photophobia behavior and explored the underlying mechanism involving hypothalamus and trigeminal ganglion activity, as measured by the alteration of neuropeptide levels and transcriptome respectively. A rapid-onset and injury-free mouse model of photophobia was developed following intranasal injection of the TRPA1 activator, umbellulone. The role of SFKs antagonism on light aversion was assessed by the total time the mouse stays in the light and transition times
Correlation between higher-order aberration and photophobia after cataract surgery. Cataract surgery impinges on the spatial properties and wavelength distribution of retinal images, which changes the degree of light-induced visual discomfort/photophobia. However, no study has analyzed the alteration in photophobia before and after cataract surgery or the association between retinal spatial property and photophobia. Here, we measured the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the entire eye and the subjective photophobia score. This study investigated 71 eyes in 71 patients who received conventional cataract surgery. Scaling of photophobia was based on the following grading system: when the patient is outdoor on a sunny day, score of 0 and 10 points were assigned to the absence of photophobia
FL-41 Tint Reduces Activation of Neural Pathways of Photophobia in Patients with Chronic Ocular Pain. To assess the therapeutic effect of tinted lenses (FL-41) on photophobia and light-evoked brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain. Prospective case series. 25 subjects from the Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) eye clinic were recruited based on the presence of chronic ocular pain, dry eye symptoms, and photophobia. Using a 3T MRI scanner, subjects underwent two fMRI scans using an event-related design based on light stimuli: one scan while wearing FL-41 lenses and one without. Unpleasantness ratings evoked by the light stimuli were collected after each scan. With FL-41 lenses, subjects reported decreased (n=19), maintained (n
Avoid or seek light - a randomized crossover fMRI study investigating opposing treatment strategies for photophobia in migraine. Photophobia, the aberrantly increased sensitivity to light, is a common symptom in migraine patients and light discomfort is frequently found as a trigger for migraine attacks. In behavioral studies, planned exposure to light was found to reduce headache in migraine patients with photophobia, potentially by increasing habituation to this migraine trigger. Here, we aimed to elucidate neurophysiological mechanisms of light exposure versus light deprivation in migraine patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten migraine patients (9 female, age = 28.70 ± 8.18 years) and 11 healthy controls (9 female, age = 23.73 ± 2.24 years) spent one hour on 7
Clinical neuroimaging of photophobia in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain. To examine neural mechanisms underlying photophobia in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cross-sectional case/control analysis METHODS: 16 subjects from the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic underwent comprehensive ocular surface evaluations areas within the trigeminal brainstem, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), and insula than with controls. Topical anesthesia led to varying responses in pain ratings among cases as well as decreased light-evoked activation in S1 and aMCC. The trigeminal nociceptive system may contribute to photophobia in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain. We demonstrate
Photophobia in migraine: A symptom cluster? Photophobia is one of the most common symptoms in migraine, and the underlying mechanism is uncertain. The discovery of the intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells which signal the intensity of light on the retina has led to discussion of their role in the pathogenesis of photophobia. In the current review, we discuss the relationship between pain and discomfort leading to light aversion (traditional photophobia) and discomfort from flicker, patterns, and colour that are also common in migraine and cannot be explained solely by the activity of intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. We argue that, at least in migraine, a cortical mechanism provides a parsimonious explanation for discomfort from all forms of visual
Photophobia and allodynia in persistent post-traumatic headache are associated with higher disease burden. To assess photophobia and allodynia in subjects with post-traumatic headache and examine how these sensory hypersensitivities associate with clinical measures of disease burden. Post-traumatic headache is the most frequent and disabling long-term consequence of mild traumatic brain injury
Melanopsin hypersensitivity dominates interictal photophobia in migraine. To define the melanopsin and cone luminance retinogeniculate pathway contributions to photophobia in healthy controls and migraineurs. Healthy controls and migraineurs were categorized according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. Photophobia was measured under full-field illumination using electromyography in response to narrowband lights spanning the melanopsin and cone luminance action spectra. Migraineurs were tested during their interictal headache-free period. Melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil responses quantified intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell (ipRGC) function. A model combining the melanopsin and cone luminance action spectra best described photophobia
Vascular actions of peripheral CGRP in migraine-like photophobia in mice. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is recognized as a key player in migraine, yet the mechanisms and sites of calcitonin gene-related peptide action remain unknown. The efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide-blocking antibodies as preventative migraine drugs supports a peripheral site of action
Quantification of photophobia in visual snow syndrome: A case-control study. To quantify photophobia in visual snow syndrome (VSS), a debilitating migraine-associated visual disturbance manifesting with continuous "TV snow-like" flickering dots in the entire visual field and additional visual symptoms, such as photophobia. Photophobia was compared between 19 patients with VSS and 19 controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% (Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, 0.986 ± 0.014, ≤ 0.001). Patients with VSS suffer continuously from photophobia at a level similar to chronic migraineurs during attacks. Although migraine and VSS share dysfunctional visual processing, patients with VSS might be more severely affected.
Effect of intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% on postoperative cystoid macular edema, iritis, pain, and photophobia after cataract surgery. To assess the effectiveness of intracameral phenylephrine-ketorolac during cataract surgery compared with postoperative topical steroids in reducing the incidence of postoperative clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) confirmed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia. Ambulatory surgical center/clinical practice. Retrospective 2-cohort study. This study of cataract surgery patients compared the incidence of postoperative CME, breakthrough iritis, pain, and photophobia between patients receiving either intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% during surgery or topical loteprednol 0.5% 2 days
The Influence of Photophobia on Postural Control in Patients With Migraine. People with migraine exhibit postural control impairments. These patients also have an increased light sensitivity due to the disease, and it remains during the headache-free period. It is currently unknown if increased lighting levels can alter the balance control, especially in individuals with visual hypersensitivity , such as migraineurs. This study aimed to assess the balance and photophobia of women with migraine and non-headache controls under different light conditions. This cross-sectional study consisted of 14 women with migraine (mean ± SD 30.6 ± 8.1 years old) and 14 women without any kind of headache (mean ± SD 27.2 ± 2.8 years old) screened from a tertiary headache clinical hospital and the local community. Quiet
Increased pupillary constriction velocity in benign essential blepharospasm associated with photophobia. We evaluated whether the pupillary light reflex is altered in benign essential blepharospasm patients. Twenty-three patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 47 with reflex blepharospasm, and 29 dry eye disease controls were included. Pupillary light reflex-related parameters were measured under mesopic (10 lux) and photopic illuminance (200 lux) using an infrared pupillometer. Additionally, we assessed photophobia grade, eyelid function, and dry eye disease-related parameters. There were no differences in age, sex predominance, or dry eye disease-related parameters among the three groups, or in photophobia grade and eyelid function between benign essential blepharospasm and reflex
Relating Photophobia, Visual Aura, and Visual Triggers of Headache and Migraine. This study investigated a potential association between visual factors and symptoms related to migraine. It was predicted that photophobia and visual aura would be positively associated with interictal light sensitivity and visual headache triggers (flicker, glare, and eyestrain), and that these 2 visual symptoms of photophobia and/or visual aura. A cross-sectional online survey design was utilized to gather information pertaining to interictal light sensitivity, visual triggers, and visual symptoms. With respect to interictal light sensitivity and photophobia, a significant difference (P < .001, eta squared [η ] = 0.084) was found between the 3 groups, where headache disorder participants with photophobia (group A1
Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) of the visual cortex decreases experimental photophobia. Background Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) reduces cortical excitability in humans. Methods The objective of this study was to determine whether tSMS over the occipital cortex is effective in reducing experimental photophobia. In a sham-controlled double-blind The visual cortex may contribute to visual discomfort in experimental photophobia, providing a rationale for investigating tSMS as a possible treatment for photophobia in migraine.