Effects of Intravenous Pimobendan on Cardiovascular Parameters in Healthy Sedated Cats. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous pimobendan on cardiovascular function and to determine the appropriate dose for clinical usage in cats. Six purpose-bred cats received one of the following treatments: intravenous pimobendan at a single dose of 0.075 mg/kg (low dose [LD] group), 0.15 no significant differences in blood pressure among the groups. Intravenous pimobendan at 0.15-0.3 mg/kg increased the fractional shortening, peak systolic velocity, cardiac output in healthy cats.
Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Pimobendan is an inotropic and vasodilator drug with no sympathomimetic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of pimobendan during anaesthesia in healthy senior dogs. A prospective, randomised, triple-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted. Thirty-three dogs (median [range]: 9 [7, 12] years) were anaesthetised for surgical procedures. The dogs were randomly allocated into two groups: eighteen dogs received intravenous pimobendan at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg (PIMOBENDAN), and fifteen dogs received intravenous saline solutions at a dose of 0.2 mL/kg (PLACEBO). Data were recorded before, 1 min, 10
Hemodynamic effect of pimobendan following intramuscular and intravenous administration in healthy dogs: A pilot study. Pimobendan is widely used for the treatment of dogs with heart failure the oral route. A new injectable form of pimobendan is now available and its potential usefulness intravenous route has been recently demonstrated in dogs. However, the cardiovascular effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of injectable pimobendan have not been investigated yet. IM administration of pimobendan may have the same hemodynamic effect as the IV route. Six healthy Beagle dogs underwent a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. The early cardiovascular effects after a single dose of IM and IV injections of pimobendan (0.2 ml/kg; Pimo IM and Pimo IV, respectively) were
Repeated-Dose Pharmacodynamics of Pimobendan in Healthy Cats. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of repeated and multiple-dose pimobendan on cardiac systolic function and the correlations between changes in cardiac systolic function and plasma concentrations of pimobendan and O-desmethylpimobendan (ODMP). Five clinically healthy cats were subjected to four different medication protocols for 14 days, with a washout period of at least 1 month between each protocol. The protocols were pimobendan 0.5 mg/kg q12h (high dosage [HD] group); pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg q12h (standard dosage [SD] group); pimobendan 0.125 mg/kg q12h (low dosage group); and Biofermin R, one tablet q12h (placebo group). Echocardiography and measurement of plasma concentrations of pimobendan and ODMP were
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous pimobendan in dogs with acute respiratory acidosis. Acidosis decreases myocardial contractile and myofibrillar responsiveness by reducing the calcium sensitivity of contractile proteins, which could reduce the effectiveness of pimobendan. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular effects of pimobendan in dogs subjected to acute respiratory acidosis. Randomized crossover study with a 2-week washout period. University Laboratory. Six healthy research Beagle dogs. Anesthetized dogs were administered 2 doses of IV pimobendan during conditions of eucapnia (Paco 35-40 mm Hg) and hypercapnia (Paco 90-110 mm Hg). Eucapnia was maintained by positive pressure ventilation and hypercapnia was induced by adding exogenous CO to the anesthesia circuit. Heart rate (HR
Effect of standard-dose and high-dose pimobendan on select indices of renal and cardiac function in dogs with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease. Pimobendan might have favorable effects on renal function but this has not been well-studied in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Determine the effects of standard-dose (SD_pimo ) and high-dose pimobendan (HD_pimo) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiac size and function in dogs with preclinical MMVD. Thirty nonazotemic dogs with stage B2 MMVD. Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study. Dogs had an echocardiographic examination, assessment of GFR (iohexol clearance), N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and quality of life
Effects of pimobendan on left atrial transport function in cats. Arterial thromboembolism is a sequela of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats related to left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction. Pimobendan improves LA transport function in cats. Twenty-two client-owned cats with HCM and 11 healthy cats. Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical cohort study . Cats were randomized to receive either pimobendan (0.25 mg/kg PO q12h) or placebo for 4 to 7 days. Nineteen echocardiographic variables of LA size and function were evaluated. Statistical comparisons included t tests, analysis of variance, and multivariable analyses. Peak velocity of left auricular appendage flow (LAapp peak; mean ± SD, 0.85 ± 0.20 vs 0.71 ± 0.22 m/s; P = .01), maximum LA volume (P
Acute Effects of Pimobendan on Cardiac Function in Dogs With Tachycardia Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Pimobendan provides a significant survival benefit in dogs with cardiac disease, including degenerative mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Its positive inotropic effect is well-known, however, it has complex effects and the mechanisms behind the survival benefit are not fully characterized. Secondary hemodynamic effects may decrease mitral regurgitation (MR) in DCM, and the benefits of pimobendan may extend to improved cardiac relaxation and improved atrial function. Our objective was to investigate the acute cardiac effects of pimobendan in dogs with a DCM phenotype. We hypothesized that pimobendan would increase left
Effects of pimobendan in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and recent congestive heart failure: Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized, nonpivotal, exploratory field study. The benefits of pimobendan in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have not been evaluated prospectively. To investigate the effects of pimobendan in cats with HCM and recent CHF and to identify possible endpoints for a pivotal study. We hypothesized that pimobendan would be well-tolerated and associated with improved outcome. Eighty-three cats with HCM and recently controlled CHF: 30 with and 53 without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter nonpivotal field study. Cats
The effect of treatment with pimobendan in dogs with preclinical mitral valve disease - a placebo-controlled double-blinded crossover study. Pimobendan is a widely used medication for the treatment of dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) and preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with cardiomegaly. The benefit of a treatment in dogs with preclinical DMVD but without cardiomegaly has not yet been elucidated. Some positive effects concerning life quality and a decrease in cardiac biomarkers could be verified. This study aimed to further investigate these results using a placebo-controlled double-blinded crossover design. Out of a total of 15 dogs, eight were allocated to sequence-group AB, in which dogs received pimobendan (A) during the first treatment period and placebo
Efficacy of adding ramipril (VAsotop) to the combination of furosemide (Lasix) and pimobendan (VEtmedin) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration: The VALVE trial. Triple therapy (TT) consisting of furosemide, pimobendan, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) frequently is recommended for the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, the effect of adding an ACEI to the combination of pimobendan and furosemide (dual therapy [DT]) so far has not been evaluated prospectively. Triple therapy will extend survival time compared to DT in dogs with CHF secondary to MMVD. Client-owned dogs presented with the first episode of CHF caused by MMVD. Prospective, single-blinded, randomized multicenter study. One-hundred
Cardiac Effects of a Single Dose of Pimobendan in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Pimobendan has been shown to impart a significant survival benefit in cardiomyopathic cats who receive it as part of heart failure therapy. However, use of pimobendan remains controversial in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) due to lack of pharmacodynamic data for pimobendan in cats with HCM and due to theoretical concerns for exacerbating left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. Our objective was to investigate the cardiac effects of pimobendan in cats with HCM. We hypothesized that pimobendan would not exacerbate left ventricular outflow tract obstructions and that it would improve echocardiographic measures of diastolic function
Effect of Pimobendan on NT-proBNP and c troponin I before and after a submaximal exercise test in dogs with preclinical mitral valve disease without cardiomegaly - a randomised, double-blinded trial. Exercise testing in conjunction with measurement of cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP and cTnI is a useful tool for monitoring the effect of treatment on cardiac patients. Administering Pimobendan in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and cardiomegaly results in delaying the onset of clinical symptoms and prolonging life. Its effect in dogs with DMVD without cardiomegaly has not been well examined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of administering Pimobendan in dogs with DMVD without cardiomegaly using exercise testing in conjunction with measuring
Evaluation of a fixed-dose combination of benazepril and pimobendan in dogs with congestive heart failure: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial A fixed-dose combination tablet of benazepril and pimobendan (Fortekor Plus; Elanco Animal Health) was tested in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in a three-arm, masked, randomized, non -inferiority clinical trial in Japan. The test group (n = 34) received Fortekor Plus twice daily. Two control groups received registered formulations of benazepril (Fortekor; Elanco Animal Health) and pimobendan (Vetmedin; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) with administration of Vetmedin twice daily and Fortekor twice (Control I, n = 14) or once (Control II, n = 19) daily. Diuretics were used in 22 dogs (32.8
Effect of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in dogs. To support their combined use, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in dogs. A total of 48 healthy beagle dogs were randomized into four groups (n = 12 per group) in a parallel-group design study : A (control, placebo twice daily (BID)); B (0.5-1.0 mg/kg benazepril once daily (SID) in the morning, placebo in the evening); C (0.25-0.5 mg/kg benazepril BID); D (0.25-0.5 mg/kg benazepril and 0.125-0.25 mg/kg pimobendan, both BID). The test items were administered orally for 15 days. Serum ACE activity was measured on days 1 and 15. Groups B, C and D had significantly lower average serum ACE activity
Safety of a benazepril and pimobendan combination tablet in adult healthy dogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the safety of a combination tablet of benazepril and pimobendan, Fortekor PLUS , in a randomized, blinded, parallel-group design study in healthy adult beagle dogs. The test article, Fortekor PLUS tablets, was administered orally twice daily for 6 months at one, two , and four times the highest recommended dosage of 0.5 mg/kg benazepril hydrochloride/0.25 mg/kg pimobendan (four males and four females per group). An additional control group was sham-dosed. Fortekor PLUS did not induce any treatment-related effects on body weight, food consumption, neurological, ophthalmologic or physical assessments over the 6-month treatment period. The test article was possibly
The pharmacokinetics of pimobendan enantiomers after oral and intravenous administration of racemate pimobendan formulations in healthy dogs. Pimobendan is a benzimidazole-pyridazinone derivative, marketed as a racemic mixture for the management of canine heart failure. Pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of pimobendan and its oral bioavailability have not been described in dogs. The aim of this study was to describe pharmacokinetics of three formulations of pimobendan in healthy dogs: the licensed capsule product, and novel liquid and intravenous formulations. A three-period, nested randomized two-treatment crossover design was used. Pimobendan was administered p.o. at 0.25 and i.v. at 0.125 mg/kg. Blood and plasma samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Longitudinal Analysis of Quality of Life, Clinical, Radiographic, Echocardiographic, and Laboratory Variables in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Receiving Pimobendan or Placebo: The EPIC Study Changes in clinical variables associated with the administration of pimobendan to dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and cardiomegaly have not been described . To investigate the effect of pimobendan on clinical variables and the relationship between a change in heart size and the time to congestive heart failure (CHF) or cardiac-related death (CRD) in dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly. To determine whether pimobendan-treated dogs differ from dogs receiving placebo at onset of CHF. Three hundred and fifty-four dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly. Prospective, blinded study
Retrospective evaluation of pimobendan and sildenafil therapy for severe pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease and hypoxia in 28 dogs (2007–2013) Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the persistent abnormal increase in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and in dogs is usually secondary to congenital disease causing pulmonary over circulation, chronic respiratory disease and elevated left atrial pressure. Sildenafil (SF) is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) V inhibitor that causes pulmonary artery (PA) vasodilation by increasing pulmonary vascular concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate which subsequently increases the activity of endogenous nitric oxide. Pimobendan (PB) is a PDE III inhibitor with calcium sensitizing effects thereby exerting positive inotropy and vasodilation. The purpose
Single-dose pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral pimobendan in healthy cats. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral pimobendan in conscious, healthy cats. Eight healthy adult cats. A randomised, single-blinded, crossover design was used. Two oral doses of pimobendan (0.625-mg [LD], 1.25-mg [HD]) and a control substance (3-mL water) were administered to each cat. Blood collection, echocardiography, and oscillometric blood pressure measurements were performed repeatedly for 12 h following each dose. Plasma concentrations of pimobendan and the active metabolite, O-desmethylpimobendan (ODMP), were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated for between- and within