"Quantitative computed tomography"

Analysis of the current status and characteristics of osteoporosis in adult hemophilia patients based on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography: a case control study. Current research on osteoporosis (OP) in hemophilia is insufficient. The suitability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) for evaluating osteoporosis in hemophilia remains

Bone mineral density and anatomic limitations of miniscrew placement at buccal interradicular sites: A quantitative computed tomography study. This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and anatomic limitations of miniscrew placement at buccal interradicular sites. Virtual miniscrews were placed at the interradicular sites from the canines to the second molars of 139 patients who underwent quantitative computed tomography. Mixed-effects modeling and logistic regression were used to test the differences in BMD and the odds of root proximity, sinus invasion, and bicortical perforation according to sex, growth status, and interradicular site. No significant interradicular BMD differences were observed between the sexes. Adults had higher interradicular BMDs than adolescents

Erosive progression by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and conventional radiography in rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to assess erosive progression during 1 year compared with conventional radiography (CR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective study included

Prediction of hip fracture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in older Swedish women. The socioeconomic burden of hip fractures, the most severe osteoporotic fracture outcome, is increasing and the current clinical risk assessment lacks sensitivity. This study aimed to develop a method for improved prediction of hip fracture by incorporating measurements of bone microstructure and composition derived from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In a prospective cohort study of 3028 community-dwelling women aged 75 to 80, all participants answered questionnaires and underwent baseline examinations of anthropometrics and bone by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HR-pQCT. Medical records, a regional x-ray archive, and registers were used

Assessing the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Bone Utilizing Machine Learning-assisted Opportunistic Quantitative Computed Tomography. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used in cancer treatment, yet their impact on bone health remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study utilizing routine computed tomography (CT) scans from patients

Quantitative CT Scan Imaging of the Airways for Diagnosis and Management of Lung Disease. CT scan imaging provides high-resolution images of the lungs in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Extensive research over the last several decades has focused on developing novel quantitative CT scan airway measurements that reflect abnormal airway structure. Despite many observational studies demonstrating that associations between CT scan airway measurements and clinically important outcomes such as morbidity, mortality, and lung function decline, few quantitative CT scan measurements are applied in clinical practice. This article provides an overview of the relevant methodologic considerations for implementing quantitative CT scan airway analyses and provides a review of the scientific

Impact of Atherosclerosis Imaging-Quantitative Computed Tomography on Diagnostic Certainty, Downstream Testing, Coronary Revascularization and Medical Therapy: The CERTAIN Study. The incremental impact of Atherosclerosis Imaging-Quantitative Computed Tomography (AI-QCT) on diagnostic certainty and downstream patient management is not yet known. The aim of the present study was to compare

Transferability of bone phenotyping and fracture risk assessment by μFRAC from first-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography to second-generation scan data. The continued development of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has led to a second-generation scanner with higher resolution and longer scan region. However, large multi

MRI-based Pedicle Bone Quality score: Correlation to Quantitative Computed Tomography Bone Mineral Density and its Role in Quantitative Assessment of Osteoporosis. Bone quality in the pedicle region generally determines screw pullout strength, insertion torque, and vertebral body loading characteristics. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), as the gold standard for evaluating bone mineral density (BMD), cannot measure the BMD of specific parts, such as pedicle, and DEXA is limited in many ways. Recent studies have shown a correlation between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score and BMD measured using DEXA or quantitative computed tomography (QCT). However, no studies have been reported on the MRI-based pedicle bone quality (PBQ) score. Moreover

Changes in peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured bone density, size and strength in Zimbabwean children with and without HIV over one year: a cohort study. Understanding bone accrual in adolescents may inform approaches to improve skeletal health and reduce adult fracture risk. We investigated the effect of HIV on bone mineral accrual assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed tomography (pQCT). Children with HIV (CWH) on ART for ≥2 years, and children without HIV (CWOH), aged 8-16 years (n = 609), had tibial pQCT scans at 0 and 12 months. Linear regression estimated sex stratified differences in change (∆) and mean pQCT bone density (trabecular and cortical), size (total cross-sectional area [CSA]) and strength (SSI) between CWH and CWOH, adjusting for socio-economic status

Quantitative Computed Tomography Analysis in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease. Quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) may be a useful predictor of outcome in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). What is the utility of deep learning-based lung fibrosis quantitation on CT in assessing disease severity, predicting mortality and identifying

Atherosclerosis Imaging Quantitative Computed Tomography (AI-QCT) to guide referral to invasive coronary angiography in the randomized controlled CONSERVE trial. We compared diagnostic performance, costs, and association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of clinical coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) interpretation versus semiautomated approach that use artificial intelligence and machine learning for atherosclerosis imaging-quantitative computed tomography (AI-QCT) for patients being referred for nonemergent invasive coronary angiography (ICA). CCTA data from individuals enrolled into the randomized controlled Computed Tomographic Angiography for Selective Cardiac Catheterization trial for an American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA

MRI-based vertebral bone quality score compared to quantitative computed tomography bone mineral density in patients undergoing cervical spinal surgery. The vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was introduced as a bone quality marker in the lumbar spine. Prior studies showed that it could be utilized as a predictor of osteoporotic fracture or complications after instrumented spine surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between VBQ scores and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) in the cervical spine. Preoperative cervical CT and sagittal T1-weighted MRIs from patients undergoing ACDF were retrospectively reviewed and included. The VBQ score in each cervical level was calculated

Prediction of femoral strength of elderly men based on quantitative computed tomography images using machine learning. Hip fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis, and its major contributor is compromised femoral strength. This study aimed to develop practical machine learning models based on clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) images for predicting proximal femoral

Diabetes Risk Factors and Bone Microarchitecture as Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Adults With Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes. To determine whether type 1 diabetes and its complications are associated with bone geometry and microarchitecture. This cross-sectional study was embedded in a long-term observational study. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal radius and distal and diaphyseal tibia were performed in a subset of 183 participants with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and 94 control participants without diabetes. HbA1c, skin advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and diabetes

Determination of lipid-rich plaques by artificial intelligence-enabled quantitative computed tomography using near-infrared spectroscopy as reference. Artificial intelligence quantitative CT (AI-QCT) determines coronary plaque morphology with high efficiency and accuracy. Yet, its performance to quantify lipid-rich plaque remains unclear. This study investigated the performance of AI-QCT

Bone mineral density differences between femurs of scoliotic patients undergoing quantitative computed tomography analysis. Scoliosis is a cause of loading imbalance between the lower limbs, which can result in BMD differences between the two femurs. We investigated the discrepancy in BMD values assessed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) between femurs in patients with and without

Impact of visceral fat on coronary artery disease as defined by quantitative computed tomography angiography. Obesity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Visceral fat (VF) is an important CVD risk metric given its independent correlation with myocardial infarction and stroke. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the presence and severity of VF with the presence and severity of coronary artery plaque. In 145 consecutive asymptomatic patients, atherosclerosis imaging-quantitative computed tomography was performed for total plaque volume (TPV) and percentage atheroma volume, as well as the volume of noncalcified plaque (NCP), calcified plaque, and low-density NCP (LD-NCP), diameter stenosis, and vascular remodeling. This study also included VF analysis

Discordance in lumbar bone mineral density measurements by quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in postmenopausal women: a prospective comparative study. Level-specific lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation of a single vertebral body can provide useful surgical planning and osteoporosis management information. Previous comparative studies have primarily focused on detecting spinal osteoporosis but not at specific levels. To compare the detection rate of lumbar osteoporosis between quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); to explore and analyze the distribution models of QCT-derived BMD and DXA T-score at the specific levels; and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of level-specific BMD thresholds

A Fracture Risk Assessment Tool for High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Most fracture risk assessment tools use clinical risk factors combined with bone mineral density (BMD) to improve assessment of osteoporosis; however, stratifying fracture risk remains challenging. This study developed a fracture risk assessment tool that uses information about volumetric bone density and three-dimensional structure, obtained using high-resolution peripheral quantitative compute tomography (HR-pQCT), to provide an alternative approach for patient-specific assessment of fracture risk. Using an international prospective cohort of older adults (n = 6802) we developed a tool to predict osteoporotic fracture risk, called μFRAC. The model was constructed using random survival forests