Prevalence and risk factors of testicularmicrolithiasis in patients with hypospadias: a retrospective study. It has been described that the incidence of testicularmicrolithiasis is high in several congenital disorders which may be associated with testicular impairment and infertility. Several reports have shown that a prepubertal or pubertal hormonal abnormality in the pituitary-gonadal axis was identified in some patients with hypospadias that is one of the most common disorders of sex development. However, exact prevalence or risk factors of testicularmicrolithiasis in patients with hypospadias have not reported so far. In the present study, to clarify the prevalence and risk factors of testicularmicrolithiasis in patients with hypospadias, a retrospective chart review was performed. Children
Genes associated with testicular germ cell tumors and testicular dysgenesis in patients with testicularmicrolithiasisTesticularmicrolithiasis (TM) is one of the symptoms of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). TM is particularly interesting as an informative marker of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). KIT ligand gene (KITLG), BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 (BAK1), and sprouty RTK signaling
Testicularmicrolithiasis and testicular tumor: a review of the literature There are numerous scientific publications on testicularmicrolithiasis (TML) detected during ultrasound (US) examination. We wished to update the data. PubMed was used to identify original articles published between 1998 and May 2017 describing the association between TML and testicular tumor. Studies were only included
Testicularmicrolithiasis: what urologists should know. A review of the current literature Testicularmicrolithiasis is a finding incidental to the ultrasound examination of the scrotum. This article presents some new data regarding the etiopathology of testicular microliths. As there is a growing body of literature available, which associates testicularmicrolithiasis with a testicular germ cell tumor or male infertility, our review focuses on these relations (based on a new meta-analysis and retrospective follow-up programs). The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge about testicularmicrolithiasis and discuss the latest recommendations. A comprehensive literature review was performed using Science Direct and Scopus with MeSH terms and keywords 'testicularmicrolithiasis
Testicularmicrolithiasis in a boy with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is a rare disorder that usually presents clinically as adrenal insufficiency in early infancy. It is caused by mutations in the NR0B1 gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome X (Xp21). The NR0B1 gene plays an important role in normal development and function of both the adrenal and gonadal axes and some patients with the disease can present in adolescence with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Testicularmicrolithiasis is an ultrasonographic finding of unknown etiology that has been associated with several benign conditions such as cryptorchidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, varicoceles, and testicular malignancy. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy
Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Volume in Patients with TesticularMicrolithiasis Ultrasonography is a useful tool to measure testicular volume. According to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, the combination of testicular atrophy and testicularmicrolithiasis (TML) is a risk factor for testicular cancer. Testicular atrophy is defined as a volume of less than 12 ml. The aim
Testicularmicrolithiasis in a clinically healthy cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) The present article describes an occurrence of testicularmicrolithiasis in a cynomolgus monkey from a routine regulatory toxicology study. The monkey was from a negative control group. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by multiple extracellular mineralized calculi within seminiferous tubular epithelia of both testes without any tissue reaction or abnormal condition such as cryptorchidism, testicular neoplasm, or hypogonadism. The present case is remarkable in that there is a paucity of reports on spontaneous testicularmicrolithiasis in nonhuman primates. It is hoped that this case report will help to facilitate the differentiation of spontaneous changes from induced changes in nonhuman
Prevalence and Chronological Changes of TesticularMicrolithiasis in Isolated Congenital Undescended Testes Operated at Less Than 3 Years of Age. To clarify the prevalence and chronological changes of testicularmicrolithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes, retrospective chart review was performed. Among children with palpable isolated undescended testes who underwent orchiopexy at less than 3 years of age between January 2009 and May 2016, those who had preoperative testicular ultrasonography were enrolled. Testicularmicrolithiasis was classified as limited or classic. Sixty-five patients (54 unilateral undescended testes and 11 bilateral undescended testes) were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation demonstrated limited testicularmicrolithiasis in only 2 undescended testes in 2
Role of calcifying nanoparticles in the development of testicularmicrolithiasis in vivo. Calcifying nanoparticles (NPs) have been proven to be associated with a variety of pathological calcification and previously detected in semen samples from patients with testicularmicrolithiasis (TM). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis if human-derived NPs could invade the seminiferous
Association between TesticularMicrolithiasis and Testicular Neoplasia: Large Multicenter Study in a Pediatric Population. Purpose To retrospectively define the strength of association between testicularmicrolithiasis and testicular neoplasia in a large geographically diverse pediatric population. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of scrotal ultrasonographic (US) examination reports ) of boys without microlithiasis (unadjusted OR, 17.26; 95% CI: 11.8, 25.25; adjusted OR, 22.37). Sex cord-stromal tumors were identified in 0.46% (five of 1097) of boys with microlithiasis and 0.079% (29 of 36 766) of boys without (unadjusted OR, 5.8; 95% CI: 2.1, 16; adjusted OR, 6.39). Conclusion There is a strong association between testicularmicrolithiasis and primary testicular neoplasia
Bilateral methachronous testicular germ cell tumor and testicularmicrolithiasis in a child: Genetic analysis and insights. A case report To report our experience with a case of a child with bilateral testicular micro-lithiasis (TML) who developed bilateral metachronous testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and determine the most appropriate follow-up and care management in children with testicular
Testicularmicrolithiasis is associated with ethnicity and socioeconomic status There are limited studies about testicularmicrolithiasis (TML) and background information such as health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. To assess the prevalence of TML in relation to socioeconomic status and ethnicity. From a database of scrotal ultrasound examinations in a single institution, all men who
Comparison of Tissue Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography in Men with Normal Testicular Tissue, TesticularMicrolithiasis and Testicular Cancer To compare elastography measurements in men with normal testicular tissue, testicularmicrolithiasis and testicular cancer. A total of 248 consecutive patients were included. All men provided written informed consent. Testicular stiffness was assessed using shear wave elastography (SWE). Three SWE velocity measurements were assessed in each testicle. The patients were divided into three groups; men with normal testicular tissue (n=130), men with testicularmicrolithiasis (n=99) and men with testicular cancer (n=19). We found a higher mean velocity in the group of patients with testicular cancer (1.92 m/s (95% CI 1.82-2.03)) compared to both
Characteristics of symptomatic men with testicularmicrolithiasis – A Danish crossâ€sectional questionnaire study Testicularmicrolithiasis (TML) is an incidental finding at ultrasonography of the scrotum. A link between testicularmicrolithiasis and testicular cancer has been suggested. However, the majority of studies are retrospective using ultrasonography with minor data on health status
Testicularmicrolithiasis and preliminary experience of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging Elastography of the testis can be used as a part of multiparametric examination of the scrotum. To determine the testicular stiffness using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) technique in men with testicularmicrolithiasis (TML). In 2013, 12 patients with diagnosed testicularmicrolithiasis in 2008 (mean age, 51 years; age range, 25-76 years) underwent a 5-year follow-up B-mode ultrasonography with three ARFI elastography measurements of each testis. We used a Siemens Acuson S3000 machine. No malignancy was found at the 5-year follow-up B-mode and elastography in 2013. However, we found an increase in TML; in the previous ultrasonography in 2008, eight men had bilateral TML
TesticularMicrolithiasis: Patient Compliance in a Two-Year Follow-Up Program We present a retrospective 2-year follow-up cohort of 103 men with testicularmicrolithiasis (TML) and discuss patient compliance and the value of surveillance. A retrospective analysis of patients examined with scrotal ultrasonography (US) in the period from 2008 through 2010 was performed. A total of 103 men
Testicular Adrenal Rests Tumors and TesticularMicrolithiasis in a Brazilian Case Series with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Testicular adrenal rest tumors are a benign condition characterized by the presence of remnants of adrenal tissue within the testes that can lead to infertility. Testicularmicrolithiasis are calculus deposits within the seminiferous tubules. Both are described in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Describe the frequency of testicular adrenal rest tumors and testicularmicrolithiasis in a Brazilian case series of patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and to also relate these changes to disease control and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis disorders. Case series study. An ultrasound examination of the scrotum was performed on 12 patients between
Testicularmicrolithiasis imaging and follow-up: guidelines of the ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee. The subcommittee on scrotal imaging, appointed by the board of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR), have produced guidelines on imaging and follow-up in testicularmicrolithiasis (TML). The authors and a superintendent university librarian independently performed a computer