Retrospective Comparison of the Anesthetic Effects of Tiletamine-Zolazepam with Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine with Dexmedetomidine in Captive Formosan Serow (Capricornis swinhoei). Formosan serows are endemic to the mountainous regions of Taiwan. This crossover study aimed to assess and compare the anesthetic induction and recovery using either dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam (DZ for the DZ and DK groups, respectively. The doses of tiletamine-zolazepam and ketamine were 2.1 ± 0.25 mg/kg and 3.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg, respectively, in the DZ and DK groups. All participants were induced within 10 min (median: 8 min for both groups), except one serow in the DK group with an induction time of 22 min. Serows in the DZ group had a lower respiratory rate ( = 0.016) and lower rectal temperature
Effects of tiletamine-zolazepam vs. propofol on peri-induction intraocular pressure in dogs: A randomized, masked crossover study. Anesthesia induction agents have the potential to cause severe ocular side effects, resulting in lasting damage to the eye. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of tiletamine-zolazepam on IOP compared to propofol when they are used as an induction agent in normal healthy dogs. Twenty healthy adult client owned dogs weighing 22.2 ± 7.6 kg were selected for the study. In a randomized order, all dogs received tiletamine-zolazepam 5 mg/kg IV or propofol 8 mg/kg IV titrated to effect without premedication. Washout between each treatment was at least seven days. IOP measurements were obtained at four time points: baseline, post-induction, post
Assessment of a Combination of Tiletamine/Zolazepam, Ketamine, and Dexmedetomidine for Anesthesia of Swine (Sus domesticus). This study investigated the induction of anesthesia in swine by injection of tiletamine/zolazepam and ketamine in combination with either dexmedetomidine (TKD) or xylazine (TKX). We hypothesized that TKD would accelerate anesthesia onset and prolong recovery as compared TKX in swine undergoing a noninvasive radiographic procedure. A randomized crossover experiment was performed on 6 healthy, intact, male miniature swine undergoing radiographic examination. Swine were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: 1) 5mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam, 2.5mg/kg ketamine, and 0.0125mg/kg dexmedetomidine (TKD) or 2) 5mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam, 2.5mg/kg ketamine, and 2.5mg/kg xylazine (TKX
Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine-butorphanol, tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol, and ketamine-detomidine-butorphanol in pigs. To evaluate and compare the anesthetic, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-detomidine-butorphanol (TZDB), tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol (TZXB), and ketamine -detomidine-butorphanol (KDB) in pigs and to assess anesthetic recovery duration and quality following administration of tolazoline as a reversal agent. 11 healthy 2.5-month-old castrated male Landrace mixed-breed pigs. In a randomized, blinded crossover study design, pigs received the following anesthetic combinations, IM: TZDB (tiletamine-zolazepam [3 mg/kg {1.36 mg/lb}], detomidine [0.18 mg/kg {0.08 mg
Ketamine-medetomidine compared to tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine for immobilisation of semi-captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). The immobilisation time and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine-medetomidine (KM) and tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM) were compared in semi-captive cheetahs (). Seven healthy adult cheetahs were included in a randomised prospective crossover study. Each cheetah was immobilised on two occasions by remote injection, once with a combination of ketamine (4.93 ± 0.75 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.038 ± 0.003 mg/kg) (KM) and once with tiletamine-zolazepam (1.16 ± 0.12 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.039 ± 0.002 mg/kg) (TZM). Time to safe approach, characterised by absent responses to an ear flick and tail tug, was recorded as the immobilisation time. Following
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous vatinoxan in wild boars (Sus scrofa) anaesthetised with intramuscular medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam. The potent sedative medetomidine is a commonly used adjunct for the immobilisation of non-domestic mammals. However, its use is associated with pronounced cardiovascular side effects, such as bradycardia, vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output. We investigated the effects of the peripherally-acting alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan on cardiovascular properties in medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthetised wild boar (Sus scrofa). Twelve wild boars, anaesthetised twice with medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (2.5 mg/kg) IM in a randomised, crossover study, were administered (0.1 mg/kg) vatinoxan or an equivalent volume
Comparison of intratesticular and intramuscular administration of zolazepam-tiletamine combination on sedation, induction, and recovery qualities and vital variables in cats undergoing castration: a prospective, randomized, clinical study. This study was aimed to compare the effects of intratesticular (IT) and intramuscular (IM) administration of the zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) combination
Comparison of the Cardiovascular Effects of Two Medetomidine Doses Combined with Tiletamine-Zolazepam for the Immobilization of Red Deer Hinds (Cervus elaphus). Wild animal immobilization often requires high doses of α2-adrenoceptor agonists. Despite their desired sedative and analgetic effects, well-recognized cardiovascular side effects, such as hypertension and bradycardia, remain a major concern. We compared the effect of two medetomidine doses on intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate in 13 captive, female red deer (Cervus elaphus) immobilized during winter. Each animal was randomly assigned to receive either 80 µg/kg (group L) or 100 µg/kg (group H) medetomidine, combined with 3 mg/kg tiletamine-zolazepam administered intramuscularly. Changes in cardiovascular variables over
COMPARISON OF TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM COMBINED WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE OR XYLAZINE FOR CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION OF WILD FALLOW DEER (DAMA DAMA). This study compared dexmedetomidine or xylazine in combination with tiletamine-zolazepam for chemical immobilization of wild fallow deer () in a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study. Forty fallow deer were divided into two groups: tiletamine -zolazepam-xylazine (TZX) and tiletamine-zolazepam-dexmedetomidine (TZD). The TZX group was immobilized with 1.9 ± 0.05 mg/kg of xylazine and 1.48 ± 0.05 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam, whereas the TZD group was immobilized with 34.15 ± 1.1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 0.97 ± 0.03 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam by dart. The induction time was recorded. During the immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate
Physiologic and blood gas effects of xylazine-ketamine versus xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam immobilization of white-tailed deer before and after oxygen supplementation: a preliminary study. To compare oxygenation and ventilation in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) anesthetized with two treatments with and without oxygen supplementation. Randomized, blinded, crossover study. A total of eight healthy adult white-tailed deer weighing 49-62 kg. Each deer was anesthetized twice intramuscularly: 1) treatment XK, xylazine (2 mg kg) and ketamine (6 mg kg) and 2) treatment XTZ, xylazine (2 mg kg) and tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg kg). With the deer in sternal position, arterial and venous blood was collected before and at 30 minutes during administration of oxygen at 1 L minute through a face
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous vatinoxan (MK-467) in medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthetised red deer (Cervus elaphus). To determine the effect of intravenous vatinoxan administration on bradycardia, hypertension and level of anaesthesia induced by medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam in red deer (Cervus elaphus). A total of 10 healthy red deer were included in a randomised , controlled, experimental, crossover study. Deer were administered a combination of 0.1 mg kg medetomidine hydrochloride and 2.5 mg kg tiletamine-zolazepam intramuscularly, followed by 0.1 mg kg vatinoxan hydrochloride or equivalent volume of saline intravenously (IV) 35 minutes after anaesthetic induction. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiration rate (f), end-tidal CO (Pe'CO
Use of nalbuphine as a substitute for butorphanol in combination with dexmedetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam: a randomized non-inferiority trial. The goal of this study was to determine whether a drug combination using nalbuphine with dexmedetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam is non-inferior to one that uses butorphanol. All healthy cats presenting solely for gonadectomy to two trap-neuter -return mobile clinic days were randomly assigned to induction with a combination of tiletamine/zolazepam 3 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 7.5 µg/kg and either butorphanol or nalbuphine at 0.15 mg/kg. All participants were blinded to the identity of the combinations. The primary endpoint was clinician satisfaction, comprised of the mean of four satisfaction ratings on a 7-point Likert scale (highly dissatisfied
Sedative and physiologic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam following buccal administration in cats. The aim of this study was to describe the sedative and some physiological effects of tiletamine-zolazepam following buccal administration (BA) in cats. Seven healthy spayed European shorthair cats (three males, four females) were studied twice in this randomized, blinded, crossover study. Each cat received two doses of tiletamine-zolazepam by BA: the low-dose (LD) group consisted of 5 mg/kg of each drug, and the high-dose (HD) group consisted of 7.5 mg/kg of each. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and a sedation score were recorded prior to administration of each treatment. The same variables plus the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
A Double-Blinded, Randomized Comparison of Medetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam and Dexmedetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anesthesia in Free-Ranging Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos). We compared anesthetic features, blood parameters, and physiological responses to either medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam using a double-blinded, randomized experimental design during with the latter improving markedly after oxygen supplementation (p < 0.001). We documented dose-dependent effects of both anesthetic protocols on induction time and arterial oxygen partial pressure. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide increased as respiratory rate increased with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam, but not with dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam, demonstrating a differential drug
Chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) with two anesthetic protocols: medetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam There is currently no available information regarding the veterinary management of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi), either in captivity or in the wild. In this study, 12 Sunda clouded leopards were anesthetized between January 2008 and February 2014 for medical exams, and/or GPS-collaring. Seven wild-caught individuals were kept in captivity and 5 free-ranging animals were captured by cage traps. Two anesthesia combinations were used: medetomidine-ketamine (M-K) or tiletamine-zolazepam (T-Z). Atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg im) was used as an antagonist for medetomidine. Medetomidine (range: 0.039-0.054 mg/kg) and ketamine
Comparison of the Psychopharmacological Effects of Tiletamine and Ketamine in Rodents The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine (KET) produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients. Tiletamine (TIL; 2-ethylamino-2-thiophen-2-yl-cyclohexan-1-one) is another uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, used in a medical (veterinary) setting as an anesthetic
Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) anesthetized with intramuscular medetomidine and zolazepam-tiletamine The objective of this study was to measure differences between arterial and venous blood gas parameters and to evaluate whether arterial blood gas values can be estimated from venous blood in Asiatic black bears (ABBs ). Twelve healthy captive ABBs (8 males and 4 females; 8-16 years; 76.8-220 kg) were included in this study. The bears were immobilized with medetomidine and zolazepam-tiletamine using a dart gun. Arterial and venous samples were collected simultaneously at 5 and 35 min after recumbency (5- and 35-min points). Partial pressure of oxygen (PO), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO), pH, bicarbonate (HCO
Effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on tiletamine hydrochloride-zolazepam hydrochloride anesthesia in alpacas. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of IM administration of a tiletamine hydrochloride-zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) combination with either dexmedetomidine hydrochloride or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS) on the motor response to claw clamping, selected cardiorespiratory variables
Injectable Anesthesia for Mice: Combined Effects of Dexmedetomidine, Tiletamine-Zolazepam, and Butorphanol Anesthetic protocols for murine models are varied within the literature and medetomidine has been implicated in the development of urethral plugs in male mice. Our objective was to evaluate the combination of butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and tiletamine-zolazepam. A secondary objective was to identify which class of agent was associated with urethral obstructions in male mice. BALB/c male ( = 13) and female ( = 23) mice were assigned to dexmedetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam with or without butorphanol or to single agent dexmedetomidine or tiletamine-zolazepam. Anesthesia was achieved in 58% (14/24) of mice without butorphanol and in 100% (24/24) of mice with butorphanol. The combination
Hyaluronidase administered with xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam into adipose tissue shortens recovery from anesthesia in pigs. To evaluate the effect of hyaluronidase on uptake, duration and speed of elimination of xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam administered in the subcutaneous fat over the dorsal lumbar region of swine. Blinded, randomized, crossover study. Six healthy Landrace/Large White pigs weighing 132±24 kg (mean±standard deviation). Animals were administered xylazine (1 mg kg) and tiletamine-zolazepam (8 mg kg) (control treatment, CON), or xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam at the same doses with hyaluronidase (400 IU) (treatment HYA). The treatments were administered into the dorsal lumbar adipose tissue, 2.5-3.0 cm laterally from the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra