Case Report: Toxocariasis Manifesting as Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion. Toxocariasis is a prevalent zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. It ranges in severity from mundane to life-threatening, depending on organ involvement. The lungs are often affected, manifesting as coughing, wheezing, and chest pain. However, pleural effusions rarely occur in patients with pulmonary toxocariasis. We report the case of a 74-year-old man with highly suspected toxocariasis who presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion and eosinophilia. He developed dyspnea and a right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed an exudative effusion containing numerous eosinophils. The pleural effusion continued to increase, and the eosinophilia rapidly progressed
The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study. Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3-15 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs/cats and positive anti-Toxocara
The consistency of Anti-Toxocara IgG between the Aqueous Humor and Vitreous of Patients with Clinically Suspected Ocular Toxocariasis. To assess the consistencies of anti-Toxocara IgG (T-IgG) and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC) between paired aqueous humor (AH) and vitreous samples from patients with clinically-suspected ocular toxocariasis (OT). Inter-test reliability assessment. A total
Safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with ocular toxocariasis. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant in patients with active uveitis due to ocular toxocariasis (OT). Seventy-eight patients with OT were recruited in this retrospective study, including 51 patients in DEX group treated with intravitreal DEX implant
Review of Toxocariasis at a Children's Hospital Prompting Need for Public Health Interventions. Toxocariasis, caused the by dog and cat roundworm, is one of the most common zoonotic helminth infections in the United States and can lead to severe lifelong morbidity in children. Although historical seroprevalence studies have identified a high frequency of toxocariasis regionally in the United States, there are few studies linking epidemiology and clinical disease in children. The study objective was to examine the contemporary epidemiology of pediatric toxocariasis within an endemic US region. We conducted an epidemiologic study analyzing children diagnosed with toxocariasis presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Texas from 2010 to 2021. We examined risk factors and performed
Human Toxocariasis in Israel: A Nationwide Serology-Based Analysis, 2005-2019. Toxocariasis is a rare and underdiagnosed disease, and data concerning epidemiological aspects of toxocariasis in Israel are lacking. We describe the epidemiology of toxocariasis in Israel. Epidemiological data of all serology tests between 2005 and 2019 were retrieved and compared with detailed demographics. Overall -Jewish sub-groups. A significant correlation between toxocariasis incidence and dog ownership rate was observed in major cities (r[8] = 0.82, P < 0.005). Our study shows that, in Israel, toxocariasis is not restricted to specific populations or locations. The risk factor of dog contacts was reiterated by nationwide dog registration data. There is need for a seroprevalence survey to understand
Changes in the expression of miR-103a and miR-21: a functional diagnosis of toxocariasis in rats. Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by migrating nematode worms, species larvae, within tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers for toxocariasis are emerging , but there is limited information about the role of many miRNAs and a more detailed diagnostic evaluation of miRNA expression patterns is needed to understand their immunobiological function. We investigated the expression levels of circulating miRNA 21 and miRNA 103a as potential biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of toxocariasis in Wistar rats infected with . Thirty Wistar rats were inoculated orally
NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY OF OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS BASED ON CLINICAL FEATURES. To develop a noninvasive diagnostic strategy based on the clinical manifestations of ocular toxocariasis (OT) and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Patients with unilateral OT-like lesions were enrolled retrospectively and classified into OT and non-OT groups according to the immunologic diagnosis
A rare case of toxocariasis presenting with hypereosinophilic pericardial effusion and mycotic aneurysm. Parasitic infections are the leading cause of hypereosinophilia in the paediatric population in tropical countries. We report an unusual case of infection in an eight-year-old boy who presented with intermittent fever, hypereosinophilia complicated by massive pericardial effusion
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxocariasis among nomads in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran. Human toxocariasis is caused by the larval stage of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence and the risk factors associated with Toxocara infection in nomads of Boyer-Ahmad County in the southwest of Iran. A total of 968 . Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were detected in 14 (1.4%) of the 968 nomads. The association between Toxocara infection and gender, age, contact with dogs, residential area and level of education were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The findings of the study revealed a low prevalence rate of toxocariasis in nomadic communities in southwest Iran. Geographic location and climatic conditions
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Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study. Toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in dogs and cats. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies and identify the epidemiological and clinical features and related risk factors of toxocariasis to toxocariasis (p=0.001), contact with dogs or cats (p=0.003), contact with soil (p=0.001), history of geophagy (p=0.001) and the consumption of raw or undercooked liver (p=0.001). The prevalence of symptoms such as asthma, shortness of breath, blurred vision, abdominal pain and epilepsy were significantly higher in seropositive individuals compared with seronegative ones. Toxocara eggs were found in 15.1% (81
Case Report: Ocular Toxocariasis: A Report of Three Cases from the Mississippi Delta. Ocular toxocariasis can be vision threatening, and is commonly reported from tropical or subtropical regions. Knowledge of clinical manifestations from the United States, particularly in underserved areas such as the American South, is lacking. We report three cases of ocular toxocariasis in individuals from the Mississippi Delta, a rural community with prevalent poverty. Visual acuity was severely affected in two of the three cases. Increased awareness of ocular toxocariasis, which may have under-recognized frequency, will contribute to prompt diagnosis and treatment, which will ultimately improve patient health in the region.
Frequency of Toxocariasis among Patients Clinically Suspected to Have Visceral Toxocariasis: A Retrospective Descriptive Study in Sri Lanka Human toxocariasis is caused by several species of the nematode . Two common clinical syndromes are ocular and visceral larva migrans. To determine the antibody positivity in clinically suspected VLM patients and to describe demographic factors and clinical (75.2%) seropositive cases had eosinophilia. These symptoms were not statistically significant. This study confirms toxocariasis as an important cause of childhood ill health identifying common clinical symptoms recommending preventive measures to limit transmission.
Clinical course and treatment outcomes of toxocariasis-related eosinophilic disorder. Blood eosinophilia is a common clinical finding. Helminthic infections, including toxocariasis, are a common cause of eosinophilia; however, the clinical course of toxocariasis associated with eosinophilia is not fully understood. Thus, controversies exist regarding treatment indications.To evaluate the clinical features and natural course of various types of eosinophilia, with a particular focus on toxocariasis, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1000 patients with peripheral blood eosinophilia who were referred to the allergy clinic at Asan Medical Center between 2007 and 2012. Clinical parameters and imaging study findings were evaluated. The treatment response to albendazole and resulting
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of toxocariasis in school children from Aragua State, Venezuela. Toxocariasis is a widespread zoonosis caused by canine and feline Toxocara spp. In Venezuela, seroepidemiological studies in Aragua State have been carried out only in preschool children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies , playing with dogs and playing with soil. The identification of risk factors and their association with infection suggest that the infection is a problem in the municipalities studied, so screening for toxocariasis in school children should be recommended.
Toxocariasis: a silent threat with a progressive public health impact Toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that afflicts millions of the pediatric and adolescent populations worldwide, especially in impoverished communities. This disease is caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis and T. cati, the most ubiquitous intestinal nematode parasite in dogs and cats, respectively . In this article, recent advances in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and pharmacotherapies that have been used in the treatment of toxocariasis are reviewed. Over the past two decades, we have come far in our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of toxocariasis. However, lack of laboratory infrastructure in some countries, lack of uniform case definitions and limited surveillance
Toxocariasis in Carnivora from Argentinean Patagonia: Species molecular identification, hosts, and geographical distribution Twenty four specimens of seven species belonging to the families Felidae, Mustelidae, and Canidae were obtained in Lanín and Nahuel Huapi National Parks from March 1996 to April 2016. Specimens were processed by necropsy in order to contribute to the knowledge of toxocariasis in wild carnivores of Argentinean Patagonia. The only and the seven were positive for Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the ITS-1 region from larval and adult DNA was carried out to confirm parasite species identification. This is the first molecular determination of from wild felids in Argentina and the study also fill gaps about the spatial